WASHINGTON — On January 12, former Federal Reserve chairpersons strongly condemned the ongoing U.S. criminal investigation into current Fed Chair Jerome Powell, describing it as an “unprecedented attempt” to undermine the central bank’s independence.
Two Republican senators also criticized the Trump administration and questioned the Justice Department’s credibility in pursuing charges against Powell, whom President Trump has long aimed to replace amid his push for lower interest rates.
On January 11, Powell disclosed that the Federal Reserve had received grand jury subpoenas and faced threats of a criminal indictment related to his Senate testimony from June.
The controversy centers on a $2.5 billion (S$3.2 billion) renovation project for the Federal Reserve’s headquarters. In 2025, President Donald Trump suggested he might dismiss Chair Jerome Powell due to cost overruns related to the historic building’s refurbishment.
On January 12, former Fed Chairs Ben Bernanke, Alan Greenspan, and Janet Yellen, along with other ex-economic leaders, publicly criticized the Department of Justice’s investigation.
In a joint statement, they condemned the probe as “an unprecedented attempt to use prosecutorial attacks” aimed at undermining the Fed’s independence.
The statement added, “This is typical of how monetary policy is conducted in emerging markets with fragile institutions, often resulting in severe inflation and broader economic dysfunction.”
“Such practices are unacceptable in the United States.”
In an unusual statement on January 11, Mr. Powell criticized the administration, calling the building renovation and his congressional testimony mere “pretexts.” “The possibility of criminal charges stems from the Federal Reserve’s commitment to set interest rates based on its best judgment of the public’s interest, rather than aligning with the president’s preferences,” Powell stated.
He pledged to perform his duties “without political fear or favor.”
Separately, New York Fed President John Williams noted that historically, political interference in monetary policy often results in “unfortunate” consequences such as inflation.
Stocks Reach New All-Time Highs
Despite concerns triggered by the investigation, U.S. stock indices closed at record highs.
Bernard Yaros, lead U.S. economist at Oxford Economics, noted, “The fact that market-based inflation expectations have stayed steady suggests that investors are largely dismissing the probe as having little or no effect on the Fed’s independence.”
The Federal Reserve operates independently with a dual mandate to maintain price stability and low unemployment. Its primary tool is adjusting the benchmark interest rate, which influences U.S. Treasury yields and borrowing costs.
President Trump has frequently criticized Powell, labeling him a “numbskull” and “moron” for the Fed’s policy choices and not cutting rates more aggressively.
On January 12, White House spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt told Fox News that Powell “has proven he’s not very good at his job.” Regarding whether Powell is a criminal, she added, “That’s a question the Department of Justice will have to answer.”
Republicans Push Back Against Investigation
The Justice Department’s investigation has faced backlash from across the political spectrum.
On January 11, Republican Senator Thom Tillis, a member of the Senate Banking Committee, pledged to block the confirmation of any Federal Reserve nominee—including the next Fed chair—until the legal issue is “fully resolved.”
He stated, “The independence and credibility of the Department of Justice are now at stake.”
Another Republican senator, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, backed Thom Tillis’ stance, describing the investigation as “nothing more than an attempt at coercion.”
Earlier, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, a leading Democrat, criticized the probe as an assault on the Federal Reserve’s independence.
David Wessel, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, warned of serious risks if the Fed were to come under President Trump’s influence.
Politicians might be tempted to keep interest rates low to stimulate the economy before elections, while an independent Fed is expected to set policy focused on controlling inflation and maximizing employment.
Wessel told AFP that if Trump succeeds in swaying the Fed, the U.S. could face higher inflation and reduced willingness from global investors to finance the Treasury.
Powell was originally nominated as Fed chair by Trump during his first term. His chairmanship ends in May, but he may remain on the Fed board until 2028. In 2025, Trump also attempted to remove Fed Governor Lisa Cook over allegations of mortgage fraud.
Sources: Bloomberg
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