Dollar ticks higher as euro, pound dip after central banks stand pat

The U.S. dollar inched higher on Thursday, clawing back some strength amid ongoing volatility in equity markets, while attention turned to the euro and sterling following key central bank rate decisions. By 13:43 ET (18:43 GMT), the Dollar Index—which measures the greenback against a basket of six major currencies—was up 0.2% at 97.77, hovering near a two-week high and extending its rebound from levels close to four-year lows.

Stock market volatility lends support to the dollar

Heightened volatility across global equity markets—driven largely by concerns over stretched artificial intelligence spending—has prompted traders to rotate back into the U.S. dollar as a safe haven.

Analysts at ING noted that a more challenging equity backdrop typically triggers a move away from risk and pro-cyclical currencies toward the dollar, a dynamic they said has likely provided the greenback with some support this week. They added that while it remains unclear whether the current correction in U.S. technology stocks has further to run, a fully invested buy side appears increasingly vulnerable to negative surprises.

The dollar also found support late last week following the nomination of Kevin Warsh as the next Federal Reserve chair, with markets viewing him as less dovish than previously anticipated. Meanwhile, private payrolls data pointed to a cooling U.S. labor market, although the recent brief government shutdown has delayed the release of key employment figures scheduled for Friday.

Even so, several weak labor market signals emerged on Thursday. January job cuts rose to their highest level for that month since 2009, initial jobless claims exceeded expectations, and December job openings data fell short of forecasts.

Euro and pound move into focus

In Europe, the euro edged lower, with EUR/USD down 0.1% at 1.1799 after the European Central Bank left interest rates unchanged, in line with expectations. The ECB’s Governing Council said inflation is likely to stabilize around its 2% target over the medium term, while noting that the eurozone economy remains resilient despite a challenging global backdrop. Data released earlier in the week showed euro area CPI inflation eased to 1.7% year-on-year in January, from 1.9% in December.

Commenting on the decision, Mark Wall, chief European economist at Deutsche Bank, said the ECB was striking a necessary balance between downside risks and underlying strengths, adding that holding rates steady appeared appropriate given external vulnerabilities alongside domestic resilience, partly supported by increased defence and infrastructure spending in Germany.

Sterling also weakened, with GBP/USD falling 0.9% to 1.3544 after the Bank of England kept its benchmark rate unchanged. The Monetary Policy Committee said it expects inflation to return to its 2% target by the spring. Sanjay Raja, chief UK economist at Deutsche Bank, noted that while a rate cut was closer than anticipated, the meeting was more about positioning within the MPC, as rising economic trade-offs continue to fuel uncertainty over how restrictive current policy remains.

Yen in focus ahead of weekend elections

In Asian trading, USD/JPY edged 0.1% higher to 156.84, as the Japanese yen remained under pressure ahead of this weekend’s lower house elections. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s party is widely expected to secure a larger majority, raising expectations of increased fiscal spending from Tokyo. Ongoing concerns about Japan’s stretched public finances have weighed heavily on the yen in recent weeks, with losses compounded by Takaichi’s remarks downplaying currency weakness.

Elsewhere, USD/CNY dipped slightly to 6.9378, with the Chinese yuan hovering near its strongest level in almost three years. The currency has been supported by a series of firm midpoint fixings from the People’s Bank of China, keeping the pair comfortably below the psychologically important 7.00 level.

The Australian dollar weakened, with AUD/USD sliding 0.4% to 0.6960, slipping back below 0.70 after two sessions of solid gains following a hawkish Reserve Bank of Australia meeting on Tuesday. The RBA raised interest rates by 25 basis points and upgraded its growth and inflation forecasts for the year.

Sources: Anuron Mitra