With holiday decorations packed away and investment professionals back at their desks, the serious market work for 2026 is officially underway. So far, investor sentiment appears optimistic, as the S&P 500 has posted a 1.76% gain—a promising start to the year.
Looking ahead, nearly every major Wall Street firm forecasts another strong year for stocks. While leadership within the market may shift, the broad consensus remains that stock prices are poised for healthy gains in 2026.
You might wonder how this optimism holds up amid concerns about AI bubbles, geopolitical tensions, inflation, and lofty valuations. Having wrestled with this question myself, I believe it’s worthwhile to step back and review the fundamental drivers underpinning the stock market.
From my experience managing money for over 40 years, I’ve learned that while short-term market movements are nearly impossible to predict, understanding the broader macroeconomic environment helps to get the major market moves “mostly right, most of the time.” Simply put, aligning with the dominant primary market cycle is my foremost objective in this line of work.
So, without wasting any time, let’s briefly review the key macro drivers: the economy, corporate earnings, inflation, the Fed and interest rates, and, naturally, valuations.
Since there’s quite a bit to cover—and I doubt many of you want to read a 5,000-word report on a Monday morning—I’ve decided to split this analysis into several parts. Today, we’ll begin with a focus on the economy and corporate earnings.
Overview of the Economy
The U.S. economy is generally divided into three main sectors: manufacturing, consumers, and government. Of these, the consumer sector—also known as the services sector—is by far the largest, accounting for roughly 70% of overall economic activity in the United States.
Because of this, the sluggish manufacturing sector, which has been in a prolonged slowdown, is less of a concern. While an improvement there would be welcome, consumer sentiment remains the primary driver of economic growth today.
It’s also important to highlight that high-income earners now dominate consumer spending. Reports indicate that the wealthiest individuals account for just over 50%—a record high—of all U.S. consumer expenditures. These affluent consumers are less sensitive to price increases and tend to maintain their spending habits despite inflation.
Indeed, the labor market has shown signs of weakening, which could eventually affect consumer spending. However, current evidence suggests that job market softness is primarily impacting lower-income consumers at this stage. This situation remains fluid—if job losses accelerate, the services sector would likely feel the impact. But for now, this hasn’t been the case.
The key takeaway is that despite negative headlines, the economy appears to be performing well. U.S. GDP growth was strong last year, moving from a slight contraction of -0.6% in Q1 to +3.8% in Q2 and +4.3% in Q3.
More recently, the Atlanta Fed’s GDPNow model—a real-time GDP estimate—registered a robust +5.4% last week.
From my perspective, anyone claiming the economy is weak or unstable is overlooking the actual data.
Company Earnings Reports
Earnings are often described as the lifeblood of the stock market, making it crucial to stay informed about corporate profit trends. To get straight to the point, corporate earnings are very strong—remarkably so.
For example, Q3 results showed about a 15% increase, significantly surpassing analyst expectations.
Looking forward, consensus estimates from Wall Street analysts predict that S&P 500 companies will see earnings grow by approximately 17.3% in 2026. Quite impressive.
Of course, analysts rarely get their projections exactly right. Estimates often start off too optimistic and are revised downward over time. So, it would be unwise to assume that 2026 earnings per share (EPS) will definitively rise by 17% compared to last year.
The important takeaway is that EPS growth is still expected to be strong this year—significantly above the historical average. (Goldman Sachs recently released a report titled “2026: An Earnings Story.”) My view is that as long as earnings come reasonably close to these expectations, there should be plenty of room for stocks to advance.
Is There Further Upside Potential?
The key question is how much further the stock indices can climb. While I’ll address valuations in the coming weeks, it’s clear to everyone that current stock multiples are quite high. This likely explains why Wall Street analysts are forecasting relatively modest gains of around 10% for the year—roughly in line with the S&P’s average annual return since 1980—even with anticipated earnings growth.
Given the strong economic outlook and expected earnings growth, it’s difficult for me to take a negative stance on the stock market.
That said, it might be prudent to temper enthusiasm somewhat due to elevated valuations. However, from a broader perspective, I believe the best approach is to stay on the bullish path and trust the market leaders to navigate any near-term challenges.
What shapes our lives are the questions we ask, refuse to ask, or never think to ask.
Sam Keen
Sources: Investing
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