WTI prices slipped but were still on course for roughly 12% monthly gains, underpinned by elevated geopolitical risk premiums.
Iran warned of an unprecedented response following renewed threats from President Trump over nuclear negotiations.
Meanwhile, the Trump administration loosened some sanctions on Venezuela’s oil sector on Thursday to attract U.S. investment.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude edged lower after three consecutive sessions of gains, trading near $64.00 a barrel during Asian hours on Friday. Still, the benchmark remained on track for about a 12% monthly increase, supported by a strengthening geopolitical risk premium.
Geopolitical tensions stayed elevated after Iran warned it would “defend itself and respond like never before” following renewed threats from U.S. President Donald Trump, who urged Tehran to engage in nuclear negotiations. Iranian officials cautioned that any provocation would be met with retaliation.
Tensions escalated further after the European Union designated Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization. Concerns were compounded by reports that the United States was bolstering its military presence near Iran, while Tehran announced live-fire military exercises in the strategically vital Strait of Hormuz, heightening worries over regional security.
Markets are closely watching the potential impact of these developments on shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula that handles daily flows of crude oil and LNG. According to Dow Jones Newswires, Westpac Strategy Group warned that any regime change in Iran would likely be disorderly, unlike the U.S-backed removal of Venezuela’s Nicolas Maduro or targeted strikes such as those on Fordow.
Separately, the Trump administration eased certain sanctions on Venezuela’s oil sector on Thursday to attract U.S. investment following President Nicolas Maduro’s removal earlier this month. The U.S. Treasury authorized transactions involving Venezuela’s government and state-run PDVSA, allowing U.S. firms to produce, transport, sell, and refine Venezuelan crude.
Earlier this month, oil prices also drew support from supply disruptions in Kazakhstan, freeze-offs in the United States, and tighter U.S. restrictions on Russian oil purchases, helping underpin prices this year despite lingering expectations of global oversupply.
Gold’s most recent move was sharp, chaotic, and relentless. With volatility running high and prices stretched, managing risk is just as critical as getting the direction right.
Gold shows capitulation-like price behavior
Volatility jumps to multi-year highs
Prices look stretched after a rapid upside surge
Position sizing and risk management become paramount
Gold shows meme-stock–like trading behavior
Gold behaved less like a classic safe haven and more like a meme stock on Thursday, surging nearly $100 within minutes during early Asian trading. Prices briefly spiked toward $5,600 before reversing just as quickly. The sheer speed and magnitude of the move felt like capitulation in real time, likely exacerbated by thin liquidity during the transition from North American to Asian market hours.
Although the price surge began around the same time, a CNN report later surfaced indicating that the U.S. was considering new military strikes against Iran. However, given that geopolitical tensions have been elevated for weeks rather than emerging suddenly, much of that risk was likely already priced in. In that sense, the headline appears more like a catalyst than the underlying cause of the move.
Some traders also cited comments from Fed Chair Jerome Powell after the January FOMC meeting, in which he downplayed any macroeconomic signal from gold’s record highs. Still, those remarks seem to have played only a minor role, coming several hours before the most volatile phase of the price action unfolded.
Volatility jumps sharply higher
While today’s spike has understandably drawn attention, it is not an isolated event, instead forming part of a broader and accelerating expansion in volatility across the gold market.
As illustrated above, the Gold Volatility Index (GVZ) has climbed to its highest level since the early days of the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020, highlighting just how extreme price action in the traditional safe haven has become. GVZ measures implied volatility in gold options, offering insight into the magnitude of price swings the options market is anticipating. The surge suggests the market has entered a markedly different volatility regime, one in which unusually large moves are occurring with increasing frequency.
The broader volatility environment is also clearly visible on the daily chart. Gold is trading well above its upper Bollinger Band, highlighting the speed and magnitude of the recent acceleration relative to prior conditions. Daily trading ranges have expanded sharply, with the 14-day ATR elevated at 117.56—making $100-plus moves routine rather than exceptional. Meanwhile, the 14-day RSI sits deep in overbought territory at 91.15, reinforcing that while the broader uptrend remains intact, price action is increasingly stretched and unstable.
Risk management takes center stage
In short, this is an exceptionally high-volatility environment where price behavior is far from normal. Gold has surged rapidly, leaving prices highly extended and vulnerable to sharp moves in both directions, even as the broader uptrend remains in place. In such conditions, traditional technical signals often lose reliability, making risk management and position sizing especially critical—particularly with mean-reversion risks running high.
Gold prices jumped to a record near $5,600 per ounce on Thursday, extending recent gains after reports that U.S. President Donald Trump was weighing a new strike on Iran. Silver also climbed to a record above $119 per ounce, supported by strong safe-haven demand.
Metal prices continued to climb with little sign of easing, driven by escalating global geopolitical tensions that boosted demand for physical assets and traditional safe havens. Additional support came from a weaker U.S. dollar and uncertainty surrounding U.S. policy, while copper prices also reached a new all-time high on Thursday.
Spot gold jumped more than 2% to a record $5,595.41 per ounce, and April gold futures peaked at $5,625.89 per ounce. Although prices later retreated from these highs, gold was still trading comfortably above $5,500 per ounce by 00:45 ET (05:45 GMT).
Spot silver also rose sharply, gaining over 1% to a record $119.4280 per ounce.
“Gold is no longer viewed solely as a hedge against crises or inflation,” OCBC analysts noted. “It is increasingly seen as a neutral, dependable store of value that also offers diversification across a broad range of macroeconomic environments.”
They added that this shift in perception helps explain why recent pullbacks have been limited and well-supported. OCBC has recently raised its 2026 gold price forecast to $5,600 per ounce.
Trump considering major strike on Iran
Former President Donald Trump is reportedly weighing a “major new strike” against Iran after talks over Tehran’s nuclear program and missile development broke down, CNN reported Wednesday night.
The report follows Trump’s decision to deploy multiple U.S. naval vessels to the Middle East, alongside earlier threats of military action that he framed as backing nationwide protests in Iran.
Earlier on Wednesday, Trump posted on social media urging Iran to reach a “fair and equitable” agreement with Washington and to abandon its nuclear ambitions. He also warned that any future U.S. strike would be significantly more severe than the mid-2025 attack, when American forces targeted Iran’s key nuclear facilities.
According to CNN, Trump is now considering airstrikes aimed at Iranian political leaders and security officials accused of killing protesters, as well as additional attacks on nuclear sites.
Any further U.S. military action could sharply escalate tensions in the Middle East, with Iran having pledged strong retaliation against such moves.
U.S.-centric geopolitical risks have continued to support gold and other safe-haven assets, particularly after Washington launched a military incursion in Venezuela earlier this month. Trump’s demands related to Greenland also added to these tensions, though his rhetoric on that issue has eased in recent weeks.
Meanwhile, gold prices showed little reaction to the U.S. Federal Reserve’s widely expected decision to keep interest rates unchanged, as the central bank also offered an optimistic assessment of the U.S. economic outlook.
However, Chair Jerome Powell refrained from responding to questions regarding the Federal Reserve’s independence amid an ongoing Department of Justice investigation.
Platinum gains ground as copper reaches a record high
Strength in gold prices spilled over into the wider metals complex, supported by a weaker dollar and growing investor demand for safe-haven, physical assets viewed as neutral stores of value.
Spot platinum climbed 2.6% to $2,775.73 per ounce, staying near recent highs. The precious metal remained close to record levels reached earlier this month, after largely moving in step with gold through late 2025.
Copper also joined the broader metals rally, with benchmark futures on the London Metal Exchange surging more than 6% to a record $14,123.95 per tonne.
Prices were further lifted by reports pointing to additional policy support for China’s struggling property sector. As the world’s largest copper importer, China’s real estate industry represents a significant share of global copper demand.
Gold prices climbed toward a fresh record near $5,220 during Asian trading on Wednesday, extending gains on a weaker U.S. dollar, persistent geopolitical tensions and ongoing economic uncertainty. Investors are now awaiting the Federal Reserve’s interest rate decision later in the day for further direction.
Fundamental Analysis Overview
Expectations of further policy easing by the U.S. Federal Reserve, persistent selling pressure on the U.S. dollar, continued central bank purchases, and record inflows into exchange-traded funds have provided strong support for gold prices.
Although U.S. President Donald Trump stepped back from a tariff threat after saying a framework agreement had been reached on a future Greenland deal with NATO, the brief episode raised concerns about the reliability of global alliances. These doubts, combined with the prolonged Russia–Ukraine conflict, continue to fuel safe-haven demand for gold. Russia launched another large-scale drone and missile assault on Ukraine during the second day of U.S.-mediated peace talks in Abu Dhabi over the weekend, which concluded without an agreement. While trilateral discussions are set to resume on February 1, expectations for a breakthrough in the nearly four-year conflict remain low, keeping geopolitical risks elevated.
Further weighing on market sentiment, Trump warned on Saturday that the U.S. could impose a 100% tariff on Canada should it proceed with a trade agreement with China. The possibility of renewed tensions over Greenland and other unpredictable policy moves from the Trump administration has undermined confidence in the U.S. dollar. As a result, the Dollar Index (DXY) has fallen to its lowest level since September 2025, pressured further by market expectations that the Fed could cut rates twice more in 2025. This environment continues to favor non-yielding assets such as gold, particularly as attention turns to the two-day FOMC meeting that began on Tuesday.
The Federal Reserve is set to announce its policy decision on Wednesday and is widely expected to keep interest rates unchanged. As such, investor focus will center on the accompanying statement and Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s press conference for signals on the future policy path. Any guidance on the timing and pace of potential rate cuts will be critical in shaping near-term dollar movements and determining gold’s next directional move. In the shorter term, U.S. Durable Goods Orders data due later Monday could generate trading opportunities during the North American session.
On the demand side, the People’s Bank of China extended its gold-buying streak for a fourteenth consecutive month in December. Other emerging market central banks, including those of Poland, India, and Brazil, were also active buyers in late 2025 and early 2026. Meanwhile, global investment demand through gold ETFs rose 25% in 2025, with total holdings increasing to 4,025.4 tonnes from 3,224.2 tonnes a year earlier. Assets under management climbed to $558.9 billion, reinforcing gold’s bullish case and supporting expectations for a continuation of the well-established uptrend amid a favorable fundamental backdrop.
XAU/USD Technical Outlook
The rising channel originating from $4,464.07 continues to support the broader uptrend, with upside currently constrained near $5,101.21. The MACD remains in positive territory, although the histogram is starting to narrow, indicating fading momentum even as the MACD line stays above the signal line. Meanwhile, the RSI is elevated around 78, signaling overbought conditions that may limit near-term gains and favor consolidation near the upper boundary of the channel.
Should prices fail to break decisively above the channel top, a corrective move toward support at $4,934.92 could develop. Further contraction in the MACD histogram would strengthen the case for a pullback, while a downturn in the RSI from overbought levels would point to mean reversion within the channel. On the other hand, if bullish momentum persists and MACD remains supportive, the prevailing uptrend would stay intact, maintaining the upside bias defined by the ascending channel.
Oil prices climbed in Asian trading on Wednesday, extending the previous session’s gains after severe cold weather disrupted U.S. production, signaling tighter supply conditions.
Crude was also supported by a weaker dollar, which slid to near a four-year low this week, while markets continued to monitor heightened tensions between the United States and Iran following comments from President Donald Trump that a second armada was heading to the Middle East.
Brent futures for March edged up 0.1% to $67.66 a barrel, hovering near a four-month high, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate futures rose 0.2% to $62.53 a barrel by 20:49 ET (01:49 GMT).
Oil prices jump as U.S. snowstorm disrupts supply
Oil’s advance this week was largely fueled by a powerful winter storm sweeping across the United States, which disrupted crude output in several producing regions.
Exports from the U.S. Gulf Coast were also brought to a standstill, as heavy snowfall and sub-zero temperatures blanketed large parts of the country. According to Reuters estimates, roughly 2 million barrels per day of production were affected over the weekend.
These supply interruptions have prompted traders to brace for sharp drawdowns in U.S. crude inventories in the weeks ahead, signaling tighter supply conditions in the world’s largest oil-consuming market.
API data points to declining U.S. inventories
Figures from the American Petroleum Institute released late Tuesday showed an unexpected decline in U.S. crude inventories last week. Stockpiles fell by roughly 250,000 barrels, according to the API, defying expectations for a 1.45 million-barrel build.
The API report often foreshadows a similar trend in the official inventory data, which is scheduled for release later on Wednesday.
Oil gains on softer dollar ahead of Fed rate call
A weaker dollar also lent support to oil prices, as declines in the greenback tend to boost demand for commodities priced in the U.S. currency.
The dollar index fell to near a four-year low on Tuesday, weighed down by investor concerns over U.S. economic uncertainty, the impending Federal Reserve interest rate decision, and intermittent trade and geopolitical policy moves under President Donald Trump.
The Fed is broadly expected to keep interest rates unchanged at the end of its meeting later in the day, with markets focused on signals from Chair Jerome Powell regarding the policy outlook for the year ahead.
Gold prices climbed to a record above $5,200 an ounce on Wednesday, supported by robust safe-haven demand and persistent weakness in the U.S. dollar. Other precious metals also stayed firm, with silver and platinum trading near recent record highs.
Spot gold edged lower to $5,179.41 an ounce by 19:55 ET (00:55 GMT) after briefly touching a record peak of $5,202.06. Meanwhile, April gold futures jumped 1.8% to $5,215.46 an ounce.
Safe-haven demand remained strong after U.S. President Donald Trump said a second armada was heading toward Iran, while expressing hope that Tehran would agree to a deal with Washington.
Gold’s rally this year has been largely driven by uncertainty surrounding U.S. policy, with heightened geopolitical tensions fueled by developments in Venezuela and a dispute over Greenland.
A weaker dollar also provided support to gold and broader metals markets, as investor concerns grew over elevated fiscal spending and the Federal Reserve’s independence under the Trump administration. Policy uncertainty pushed the dollar to multi-year lows earlier this week.
Trump said on Tuesday that he was close to naming a successor to Fed Chair Jerome Powell, adding that interest rates would decline under new leadership. Ongoing friction between the White House and the Federal Reserve has further underpinned gold prices, as markets remain wary of political pressure on the central bank.
Elsewhere in metals markets, spot silver gained 1.2% to $113.4325 an ounce, while spot platinum climbed 0.6% to $2,669.61. Both were trading near record levels.
OCBC has raised its end-2026 gold price target to $5,600 per ounce from $4,800, citing recent sharp gains and enduring structural demand rather than a shift in its core market view. Gold has climbed about 17% so far in 2026 and has stayed elevated despite periodic pullbacks.
The bank said prices are now supported less by isolated event risks and more by a prolonged environment of uncertainty that is driving diversification into non-sovereign assets. OCBC highlighted a persistent pricing premium that cannot be fully accounted for by traditional factors such as yields, the US dollar, ETF flows, volatility, or policy uncertainty. This premium reflects a geopolitical and uncertainty component increasingly embedded in gold prices, fueled by ongoing geopolitical tensions, policy unpredictability, and concerns over confidence in the dollar. OCBC added that the broader uptrend remains intact, underpinned by structural geopolitical risks, accommodative monetary conditions, and continued support from official sector and ETF demand.
Gold has climbed beyond $5,100, underpinned by a softer US dollar and strong, persistent structural demand. Solid technical momentum and ongoing global policy uncertainty continue to favor hard assets such as gold and silver. While the focus on potential FX intervention raises the risk of near-term profit-taking, the broader rally still shows little sign of losing steam.
Gold surged to a fresh record of $5,100 an ounce, while silver extended its rally with another 5% jump to around $110. The latest advance has been fueled by persistent US dollar weakness, signs of yen intervention, and broader unease over fiat currencies—long a structural pillar of gold’s appeal. Ongoing global policy uncertainty is also channeling capital into hard assets.
With such an extensive list of supportive factors, even the most bullish investors may question how long the rally can continue without at least a pause, especially given how stretched valuations have become. The temptation for profit-taking at these levels is clear. Yet prices continue to refuse to roll over, and that resilience is becoming the key narrative. Despite a fading geopolitical risk premium and last week’s tariff U-turn by Trump—which, in theory, should have dampened safe-haven demand—gold barely reacted and instead pushed even higher, underscoring the strength of the current trend.
US dollar remains under pressure amid easing rate expectations and declining investor confidence.
At first glance, the explanation seems simple: the US dollar has weakened, giving gold a natural boost. A softer greenback makes gold more affordable for non-US buyers, and that effect is clearly visible. However, this move goes beyond a straightforward FX translation. Gold prices have also been rising in euro and sterling terms, pointing to broader, more structural demand rather than just currency-driven gains.
That said, dollar weakness is still playing an important role. The greenback has slid amid recent geopolitical fractures, and suspected Japanese intervention in USD/JPY has added further pressure. Markets are increasingly convinced that Japanese authorities stepped in when USD/JPY pushed beyond 159. What really caught investors’ attention were reports that the Federal Reserve was “rate-checking” banks in New York around the London close. The idea that this may have been more than unilateral action by Tokyo—potentially involving coordination with Washington—is significant, as joint Japan–US intervention would send a far stronger signal than Japan acting alone.
Bullish momentum remains firmly intact, with strong follow-through buying and little sign of exhaustion despite overextended conditions.
Momentum is clearly carrying much of the move. The uptrend remains firmly intact, with trend-following behavior dominating as traders continue to buy dips rather than sell into strength. As long as that pattern persists, it is difficult to make a convincing case against further near-term gains.
From a psychological standpoint, the $5,000 threshold has now been decisively cleared. It may have seemed ambitious only a few sessions ago—much like $4,000 did not long before—but strong technical momentum, a weakening US dollar narrative, and rising anxiety in global bond markets have made these once-distant milestones appear increasingly attainable.
That said, macro fundamentals still deserve attention. Real yields, growth expectations, and inflation dynamics have not vanished, and eventually they will reassert influence. When they do, gold may find it harder to sustain these elevated levels without a renewed or deeper systemic risk backdrop.
Key Levels to Monitor
For now, the bias remains to the upside. The next resistance target is near $5,182, corresponding to the 261.8% Fibonacci extension of the major October downswing, with the $5,200 psychological level just above. On the downside, multiple support zones are in focus, starting with $5,000. Other round-number levels such as $4,900 and $4,800 may also provide support, while more significant longer-term support is seen around $4,500–$4,550.
As long as the dollar stays weak, central banks continue to be net buyers of gold, and governments openly signal a willingness to intervene in FX markets, it is difficult to identify a catalyst that would meaningfully reverse gold’s advance at this stage, aside from bouts of profit-taking.
Oil prices edged lower in Asian trading on Tuesday as markets focused on rising US-Iran tensions, while also monitoring potential supply disruptions caused by extreme winter weather in the United States.
Crude had gained in recent sessions on fears that tensions with Iran could disrupt supply, while a severe snowstorm in the US was estimated to have shut in up to 2 million barrels of oil production over the weekend.
However, expectations of tighter supply were tempered after Kazakhstan signaled it would resume production at the Tengiz oil field, its largest producing asset.
Brent crude futures for March slipped 0.6% to $65.22 a barrel, while West Texas Intermediate futures fell 0.5% to $60.33 a barrel by 21:20 ET (02:20 GMT).
Iran tensions, US weather disruptions in focus
A US aircraft carrier and several destroyers were seen arriving in the Middle East over the weekend. President Donald Trump said last week that an “armada” was headed toward Iran, though he expressed hope it would not be used.
The deployment followed Trump’s warnings to Iran over the killing of protesters during recent nationwide demonstrations, although unrest has eased in recent weeks and his rhetoric toward Tehran has softened.
Meanwhile, a severe snowstorm in the US caused widespread disruptions, halting oil production and straining the power grid, with markets closely watching whether prolonged outages could further tighten crude supplies.
Kazakhstan signals plans to resume production at the Tengiz oil field.
Kazakhstan said on Monday it will resume output at the Tengiz oil field after a fire and power outage halted production. However, Reuters reported that initial volumes are expected to be limited, as the country has yet to lift a force majeure on CPC Blend exports.
Kazakhstan is the world’s 12th-largest oil producer and a member of OPEC and its allies. The group is expected to keep production levels unchanged at its February 1 meeting, after steadily increasing output through 2025 before announcing a pause late last year to curb prolonged weakness in oil prices.
Wednesday brings the FOMC meeting and Chair Powell’s press conference, and it wouldn’t be surprising if President Trump chose that moment—ideally around 2:30 p.m. ET—to announce his pick for the next Fed chair. Such timing would dominate headlines, catch financial media off guard, and inject maximum uncertainty into markets.
That said, the Fed is not expected to cut rates at this meeting, which should keep the event relatively uneventful. In the bigger picture, what the Fed does between now and May may prove less important, particularly if a new chair is appointed and moves quickly toward easing.
Markets appear to be dialing back expectations for aggressive rate cuts. Current pricing suggests the fed funds rate settles near 3.25% by December, with little additional easing beyond that. To meaningfully shift those expectations, the nominee would likely need to be notably dovish—something markets already anticipate, given the widespread assumption that Trump will select a policy-leaning accommodator.
As a result, the risk of a breakout in the 2-year Treasury yield appears increasingly credible, with initial resistance near 3.62%. Beyond that, a move back toward the 4% level cannot be ruled out. From a technical perspective, the setup supports this view: the 2-year yield has formed multiple bottoms in recent months, and the RSI has begun to turn higher, signaling building upside momentum.
The direction of the 2-year yield may ultimately be more closely linked to oil prices. With inflation still hovering near 3% and crude having fallen to around $60 from highs in the $120s, the message is clear: a rebound in oil prices could quickly reignite inflation pressures. That dynamic likely explains why the price action in oil and the 2-year yield charts has begun to look strikingly similar.
The Bank of Japan once again chose to kick the can down the road, leaving rates unchanged and, in my view, offering little in the way of a clear policy roadmap. The yen’s strength on Friday appeared to be driven solely by reports of a possible “rate check” by the New York Fed on behalf of the U.S. Treasury—widely interpreted as a warning signal that currency intervention could be imminent. Perhaps the strategy is to keep markets stable until after the snap election in February. It’s hard to say, but it should be telling to see how markets react once Japan reopens on Monday.
The Korean won also strengthened notably against the U.S. dollar on Friday. In recent weeks, there has been growing chatter that the KRW had become excessively weak, so it’s likely the currency took the developments around the yen as a warning signal and moved to reprice accordingly.
The Korean won likely matters more than many investors realize, given the sizable exposure South Korean investors have built up in U.S. equities. That dynamic is probably one of the reasons the KRW has weakened so significantly in the first place—buying U.S. stocks requires selling won for dollars.
If the KRW begins to strengthen from here, it could start to put pressure on that trade. For investors who are unhedged on the currency side, a stronger won increases the risk of FX-related losses on their U.S. equity holdings, potentially prompting position adjustments.
Of course, this week also brings major earnings reports from Microsoft, Apple, Tesla, and Meta. From what I can see, all four stocks are currently sitting in positive gamma with positive delta positioning. Implied volatility typically builds into earnings because of the event risk, which sets up a familiar dynamic: unless a company delivers truly blowout results, the reaction can easily turn into a sell-the-news move. Once earnings are released, implied volatility collapses and hedges are unwound as delta decays, potentially putting pressure on the shares.
Gold’s record-setting bull market has resumed its charge—but under a new set of drivers. Aggressive buying from China has increasingly taken over from gold’s traditional engines of demand, namely U.S.-based gold ETFs and futures traders. With American participation fading, gold’s ability to hold lofty levels now rests heavily on sustained Chinese demand. This shift has helped gold remain elevated, postponing the corrective phase typically required to rebalance overheated markets.
Between late July and mid-October 2025, gold surged an extraordinary 32.9% in just 2.7 months. During that stretch, the metal logged 24 record closes—roughly three-sevenths of all trading days—while its strongest gains were spread relatively evenly across the calendar. At the time, U.S. investors were aggressively piling into gold, providing powerful upside momentum.
That enthusiasm was clearly reflected in holdings of the world’s largest gold ETFs—SPDR Gold Shares (GLD), iShares Gold Trust (IAU), and SPDR Gold MiniShares (GLDM). According to the World Gold Council’s Q3’25 data, these three vehicles together accounted for more than three-sevenths of all gold held by global ETFs. During the rally, their combined bullion holdings jumped 10.9%, or 169.4 metric tons, helping propel gold to around $4,350 by mid-October and pushing technical conditions to extreme levels.
At its peak, gold was trading 33% above its 200-day moving average—ranking among the most overbought readings since 1981. The bull market had delivered gains of 139.1% over 24.5 months without a single correction exceeding 10%, making it the largest cyclical gold bull ever in U.S. dollar terms since the gold standard was abandoned in 1971. Historically, such excesses have almost always been followed by sharp pullbacks.
A correction initially appeared to be unfolding, with gold dropping 9.5% into early November—its steepest decline of the cycle and close to formal correction territory. Then the pattern abruptly changed.
Since mid-October, gold has climbed another 10.9% over roughly three months, yet this time without meaningful participation from U.S. investors. ETF holdings at GLD, IAU, and GLDM rose just 2.2% (37.8 tons), less than one-quarter of the prior buildup—and all of that increase occurred only in the past month. Those holdings didn’t even recover their mid-October peak until mid-December, shortly before gold began printing fresh record highs.
Gold’s ability to avoid a deeper correction despite some of the most extreme overbought conditions in decades raised questions. Normally, such excesses demand a reset in sentiment and positioning. Since U.S. investors were not driving the rebound, another source of demand had to be absorbing supply.
Clues emerged in the timing of gold’s strongest advances. Since mid-October, nearly all of gold’s gains have occurred on Mondays—a striking anomaly given that Mondays have historically been gold’s weakest trading day. Major upside moves were logged on November 10, November 24, December 22, January 5, January 12, and again this week following a Monday market holiday. Collectively, these few sessions accounted for the vast majority of gold’s rally since October.
Closer inspection revealed that most of these gains occurred overnight during Asian trading hours—well before European or U.S. markets opened. In other words, Chinese traders were responsible for driving price action when the rest of the world was largely inactive. These sessions effectively became “China Mondays,” periods when Chinese market flows dominated global pricing due to minimal competing liquidity.
Because China is uniquely active during the late Sunday-to-early Monday window, its influence on gold prices during that time is disproportionate. On other weekdays, extended trading hours in Western markets dilute that impact. The clustering of gains during these windows strongly suggests that China has become the primary marginal buyer supporting gold at record levels.
Until U.S. investors re-engage meaningfully, gold’s resilience at these heights will depend largely on whether Chinese demand remains strong enough to keep the rally alive.
China’s influence on Sunday-night trading is further magnified by the weekend effect. Weekends represent the longest stretch when traders are unable to react to new, market-moving developments. As a result, many participants square positions and shut down algorithmic trading systems ahead of the weekend. Meanwhile, algorithms that remain active into early Monday often have a backlog of news to process, which can intensify price moves during thin overnight liquidity. This dynamic can significantly amplify China-driven buying in gold.
Before delving further into China’s growing dominance in the gold market, it’s useful to look at how dramatically conditions shifted around gold’s mid-October peak. In the months leading up to that high, heavy share buying in GLD, IAU, and GLDM was the primary force behind gold’s explosive rally. Since then, demand from U.S. equity investors has been largely muted. Even so, gold has managed to surge back into extreme overbought territory—an outcome that underscores how unusual and China-dependent this phase of the rally has become.
China’s dominance during Sunday-night trading is reinforced by the structure of weekends themselves. Weekends are the longest periods when traders cannot respond to new, market-moving information. As a result, many participants flatten positions and shut down algorithmic systems before markets reopen. Meanwhile, algorithms that remain active into early Monday often need to process a backlog of news, which can magnify price movements in thin overnight liquidity. This dynamic amplifies China-driven gold buying when global participation is minimal.
Before exploring China’s growing grip on gold prices further, it helps to contrast the months before and after gold’s mid-October peak. In the run-up to that high, aggressive share buying in GLD, IAU, and GLDM was the dominant force behind gold’s explosive advance. Since then, U.S. stock investor demand has been largely muted—yet gold has still surged back into extreme overbought territory, underscoring how unusual and externally driven this rally has become.
While American equity investors were slow to chase this China-led surge until recently, U.S. gold-futures speculators jumped in aggressively. Futures positioning is reported weekly, and in late November—just after gold’s second “China Monday” surge—total speculative long positions stood at 307,000 contracts. Over the following seven weeks, that figure ballooned. By the January 13 Commitments of Traders report, total spec longs had risen to 362,400 contracts—an increase equivalent to roughly 172 metric tons of gold. That dwarfed the roughly 52-ton increase in GLD, IAU, and GLDM holdings over the same period, meaning futures traders significantly amplified China-driven momentum.
However, futures-driven buying power is limited and quickly exhausted. Gold futures allow extreme leverage—often 20x to 25x—which dramatically restricts the pool of participants willing to assume such risk. Assessing speculative positioning within its historical range provides insight into whether traders are more likely to add exposure or begin selling.
As of mid-January, speculative long positions were already 58% into their bull-market range, while shorts were just 6% in. The most bullish setup occurs when longs are near the bottom of their range and shorts are near the top, leaving ample room for buying. The current configuration is far closer to the opposite—suggesting diminishing upside fuel from U.S. speculators.
That leaves gold’s ability to continue defying a necessary corrective phase largely dependent on China. Unfortunately, reliable, consistent data on Chinese gold markets is scarce, especially in English. Even if such data were available, it would require extensive historical analysis to establish meaningful relationships with price behavior.
Still, anecdotal evidence is abundant. Major financial publications regularly report frenzied gold buying in China. Silver’s recent parabolic surge—largely driven by Chinese demand—appears to have spilled over into gold, fueling enthusiasm both domestically and globally. Without transparent data, Western analysts are left guessing how long this demand can persist.
Cultural factors may offer some clues. In Western markets, gold had long been dismissed as outdated, resulting in minimal portfolio allocations for years. In contrast, gold has always held deep cultural significance in China. Chinese investors therefore began this cycle with far greater enthusiasm, potentially making them more willing to buy aggressively and stay invested longer.
Capital controls also play a role. Chinese investors have limited avenues to diversify wealth outside the domestic financial system, while gold and silver offer a rare escape from policy risk. Additionally, Chinese culture places a stronger emphasis on wealth accumulation and status—traits that can fuel speculative behavior.
These dynamics make China uniquely susceptible to a speculative gold mania. Evidence increasingly suggests one is underway, reinforced by the repeated “China Monday” surges. Yet Chinese markets remain opaque. Financial transparency is limited, economic data series have been quietly discontinued when trends turn unfavorable, and even official gold reserve figures from the People’s Bank of China are widely viewed with skepticism.
For example, China reported identical gold reserves for more than six years before suddenly announcing a 57% jump in a single month—an implausible scenario. Many analysts believe China has accumulated far more gold than officially disclosed for years. If official reserve data lacks credibility, confidence in broader market transparency is equally questionable.
That uncertainty is unsettling. History shows that speculative manias eventually end in sharp, symmetrical collapses once buying power is exhausted. Whether China’s gold frenzy lasts months—or reverses abruptly—is unknowable.
What is clear is that gold’s recent breakout has been almost entirely driven during Chinese trading hours. Since December 19, gold has climbed roughly $487, yet nearly all of those gains occurred on just four “China Mondays.” This concentration of upside is highly abnormal and inherently risky.
Chinese markets have repeatedly demonstrated how quickly sentiment can flip once fear takes hold. Any government action—such as curbing speculative activity—could trigger rapid selling. Without strong participation from U.S. investors or futures traders to absorb that supply, gold could fall sharply.
In short, Chinese trading has seized control of the gold market. After peaking at extreme overbought levels in mid-October, gold required a corrective reset. That process was prematurely halted by surging Chinese demand. With U.S. participation limited and futures buying power fading, gold’s current position is precarious. If Chinese enthusiasm wanes or policy shifts intervene, a forced and potentially violent rebalancing could follow.
Gold vaulted above the psychological $5,000-per-ounce threshold on Monday, building on last week’s explosive rally as investors flocked to the traditional safe haven amid escalating geopolitical risks.
Spot gold climbed 1.1% to a fresh all-time high of $5,035.83 per ounce by 18:52 ET (00:52 GMT), while U.S. gold futures also advanced 1.1% to a record $5,074.71 per ounce.
The precious metal surged more than 8% last week, repeatedly setting new highs, and is now up nearly 17% year-to-date.
The broader precious metals complex also strengthened. Silver jumped over 2% to a record $106.56 per ounce, while platinum edged higher to a new peak of $2,798.46 per ounce.
Gold has climbed sharply since the beginning of the year, supported by geopolitical tensions, expectations of looser U.S. monetary policy later in 2026, and continued buying from central banks and investors hedging against market volatility.
A key catalyst behind gold’s sharp rally this month has been mounting friction between the United States and its NATO partners over Greenland, a dispute that has rattled global markets.
President Trump’s comments on U.S. strategic ambitions in the Arctic have further strained transatlantic ties, fueling fears of wider diplomatic and economic repercussions.
Adding to those geopolitical pressures, Trump escalated trade tensions with Canada over the weekend, warning of a 100% tariff on Canadian imports should Ottawa move forward with a trade agreement with China.
Trump said on his social media platform that Canada could serve as a “drop-off port” for Chinese goods entering the United States, warning that Beijing would “eat Canada alive” if the agreement proceeds.
Fed rate decision in focus
Gold has also found support from expectations around U.S. monetary policy. The Federal Reserve is set to wrap up its policy meeting on Wednesday, with markets broadly expecting officials to leave interest rates unchanged.
Although a hold decision is largely priced in, investors will closely examine the Fed’s statement and remarks from Chair Jerome Powell for signals on the timing and pace of potential rate cuts later this year.
Gold typically benefits from lower interest rates, which reduce the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding assets.
“Both the data and Chair Powell’s strong defence of central bank independence suggest there is little chance of a Fed rate cut on January 28,” ING analysts said in a note.
“Attention will instead turn to President Trump’s forthcoming nomination for the next Fed chair, upcoming economic data, and whether that nominee can steer the committee toward additional rate cuts,” they added.
Gold prices remain firmly in an uptrend and are poised to test the key $5,000 per troy ounce level on Friday. The precious metal’s strong rally accelerates amid mounting US Dollar weakness and mixed US Treasury yields across the curve.
Fundamental Analysis Overview
Expectations of additional monetary easing by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) continue to support demand for the non-yielding yellow metal, even as geopolitical risks have eased following US President Donald Trump’s reversal on Greenland. The bullish momentum also appears largely undeterred by extremely overbought short-term technical conditions, reinforcing the view that Gold’s path of least resistance remains upward.
On Wednesday, Trump announced the cancellation of planned tariffs on European allies related to US control over Greenland, after reaching a preliminary framework with NATO leaders on future Arctic security cooperation. He also dismissed the possibility of taking Greenland by force, encouraging risk appetite. However, the positive market response proved short-lived, as dovish Fed expectations dominated, outweighing Thursday’s US economic data and pushing the US Dollar (USD) back toward its lowest level since January 6, last seen earlier this week.
Data from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis showed that final third-quarter GDP growth came in at 4.4%, marginally above the previous estimate of 4.3% and notably stronger than the 3.8% expansion recorded in the prior quarter. Meanwhile, the Core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index — the Fed’s preferred inflation measure — rose 2.8% year-on-year in November, up from 2.7%, while the monthly increase remained steady at 0.2%.
Further weighing on the USD, the US Department of Labor reported that initial jobless claims edged up by 1,000 to 200,000 for the week ending January 17, below market expectations of 212,000. Despite the better-than-expected figure, the data failed to offer meaningful support to the greenback amid the broader de-dollarization trend. Investors now turn their attention to upcoming flash PMI releases for insight into global economic conditions, which could influence risk sentiment and shape Gold’s trajectory as it heads toward solid weekly gains.
XAU/USD Technical Analysis
The broader uptrend remains supported by an ascending channel originating from $3,805.69, with XAU/USD now having decisively broken above the channel’s upper boundary around $4,742.80. The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) remains firmly above the zero line and continues to trend higher, indicating strengthening bullish momentum. Meanwhile, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) stands at 81.25, deep in overbought territory, which may limit immediate upside as momentum becomes stretched.
That said, a sustained hold above the former channel ceiling opens the door for a continuation of the rally toward new highs. On the downside, initial support is seen near the ascending channel’s lower boundary at $4,437.79 should prices consolidate. A flattening MACD would point to fading upside momentum at elevated levels, while a pullback in RSI toward the 70 mark would help ease overbought conditions and reinforce trend stability. A failure to defend the breakout zone could trigger a move back into the previous range, whereas continued momentum would keep bullish control intact.
Gold prices climbed to an all-time high during Asian trading on Friday, edging closer to the widely monitored $5,000-per-ounce mark after U.S. President Donald Trump said American ships had been deployed toward Iran, boosting demand for safe-haven assets.
Silver and platinum also reached record levels on Friday. Although precious metals eased slightly after Trump announced a trade agreement involving Greenland, continued uncertainty over the deal and heightened tensions with Iran sustained investor demand for safe havens.
Spot gold climbed as much as 0.7% to a new record of $4,967.48 an ounce, while February gold futures advanced more than 1% to $4,969.69 per ounce.
Spot silver surged almost 3% to an all-time high of $99.0275, and spot platinum gained nearly 1% to reach a record peak of $2,692.31 per ounce.
Trump says a large U.S. naval “armada” is being sent toward Iran as tensions escalate
Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One on Thursday night, Trump said the United States had dispatched a naval fleet toward Iran, warning Tehran against harming protesters or resuming its nuclear program.
“We have an armada moving in that direction, and hopefully it won’t need to be used,” Trump said, adding that he would prefer to avoid any escalation. According to reports, a U.S. aircraft carrier along with several destroyers is expected to arrive in the Middle East in the coming days.
Earlier in January, Trump had warned Tehran against the killing of protesters as Iran faced nationwide demonstrations against the Nezam.
However, although he later softened his tone toward Iran, Trump’s remarks on Thursday reignited concerns about the possibility of U.S. military intervention in the Middle East.
Gold and metals post strong start to 2026
Metal markets surged through January as escalating geopolitical risks drove investors toward physical safe-haven assets. A U.S. military move into Venezuela early in the year, along with Trump’s threats related to Greenland, boosted demand for low-risk investments.
So far in 2026, spot gold has risen nearly 15%, while silver has jumped close to 39% and platinum has gained about 21%.
A weaker U.S. dollar has also supported metal prices, as mixed economic signals fueled expectations that the Federal Reserve will cut interest rates later this year. The Fed is set to meet next week and is widely expected to keep rates unchanged for now.
Trump’s criticism of the Fed further lifted safe-haven demand, alongside growing concerns about worsening fiscal conditions in developed economies, particularly Japan. Sharp sell-offs in Japanese and U.S. government bonds in recent weeks have prompted investors to rotate into gold.
Gold prices edged lower in Asian trading on Thursday after touching a record high near $4,900 an ounce in the prior session, as U.S. President Donald Trump’s retreat from tariff threats linked to Greenland tensions dampened safe-haven demand. Spot gold declined 0.7% to $4,799.55 an ounce by 20:36 ET (01:36 GMT), after hitting a record peak of $4,888.1 an ounce a session earlier. March U.S. gold futures also slipped 0.8% to $4,801.75 an ounce.
Gold jumped on Wednesday as geopolitical tensions intensified following a transatlantic dispute over Greenland and threats of tariffs on European imports. The rally earlier this week lifted bullion close to the psychological $5,000 level, with investors seeking a safe haven amid heightened global uncertainty.
Prices later pulled back after President Trump, speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, said he would refrain from imposing the tariffs and ruled out the use of force in the dispute over the Danish territory. He added that a “framework” agreement was taking shape to ease tensions with NATO allies.
“It’s a long-term deal — the ultimate long-term deal — and it puts everyone in a very strong position, particularly when it comes to security and minerals,” Trump told reporters. Gold also faced mild pressure from a modest rebound in the U.S. dollar, with the Dollar Index trading slightly higher after rising 0.1% in the previous session.
Oil prices were largely flat in Asian trade on Thursday as U.S. President Donald Trump eased tariff threats related to Greenland. Market participants also weighed an increase in U.S. crude inventories alongside recent supply disruptions. At 22:07 ET (03:07 GMT), March Brent futures inched up 0.1% to $65.31 a barrel, while WTI crude rose 0.2% to $60.74. Both benchmarks have posted modest gains over the past two sessions, underpinned by supply concerns after OPEC+ member Kazakhstan suspended production at the Tengiz and Korolev oilfields on Sunday.
Trump retreats from tariff threats against Greenland
Market sentiment improved after President Trump unexpectedly softened his position on Greenland on Wednesday, stepping back from threats to impose tariffs on European countries as leverage to annex the Danish territory. He ruled out the use of force and indicated that a framework for a potential deal was emerging, easing concerns over a sharp escalation in U.S.–EU tensions that could have pressured global growth and energy demand. The de-escalation supported broader risk appetite, although oil markets remained cautious amid mixed supply and demand signals.
U.S. crude inventories increase again, API data shows
The American Petroleum Institute (API) reported that U.S. crude stockpiles increased by 3.04 million barrels in the week ending Jan. 16, following a build of more than 5 million barrels the previous week. Gasoline inventories surged by 6.21 million barrels, signaling weaker demand, while distillate stocks—including diesel and heating oil—slipped by 33,000 barrels.
On the demand front, oil prices drew some support after the International Energy Agency raised its forecast for global oil demand growth in 2026 on Wednesday. Despite the upward revision, the IEA continues to expect the oil market to remain in a substantial surplus through 2026.
The modern state increasingly rests on three foundations: debt, fiat currency, and coercive power. Concepts such as “national security” and “critical minerals” have become the latest government talking points, widely promoted and readily accepted by the public. Meanwhile, personal preparedness—once a priority during health crises—has faded from focus, even as harmful consumer habits and ultra-processed foods continue to be normalized and aggressively marketed.
Political leaders often project strength through military posturing and geopolitical confrontation while avoiding personal sacrifice, financing these actions primarily through expanding debt and currency creation. In several regions, power structures are maintained through force, information control, and repression rather than genuine legitimacy or accountability.
Across parts of the world, regimes with deeply troubling records are frequently rebranded as sources of “stability” when it suits geopolitical or economic interests, particularly in energy and resource markets. This pattern underscores a broader contradiction: governments race to announce ambitious initiatives and sweeping strategies, yet largely ignore the importance of real savings and sound money.
Against this backdrop, a growing share of the global population—particularly in Asia, along with a minority of investors in the West—has turned toward long-term wealth preservation through tangible assets such as gold and silver. For those already positioned this way, the erratic behavior and short-term thinking of governments is more a source of frustration than fear.
Gold is the currency of independent citizens. While the U.S. dollar is technically due for its fifth cyclical rebound against gold in the past 50 years, that does not mean it must happen immediately—and when it does…. Gold-focused savers should stay prepared to add to their gold holdings—and silver as well.
On the weekly chart, gold appears technically overbought, yet its price behavior is beginning to resemble the equity market’s powerful advance in the mid-1990s. Momentum indicators such as RSI and Stochastics are finding support near the 50 level before pushing above 70 and remaining elevated for extended periods—an indication of strong, persistent trends rather than imminent reversals.
Against a backdrop of rising debt, expanding fiat issuance, and escalating geopolitical risks, prominent gold investors such as Pierre Lassonde have projected that gold prices could approach the $20,000 level in the years ahead.
From a portfolio-management perspective, selectively taking profits—up to roughly 30% in many cases—can be prudent, not as a call on a fiat-denominated price peak, but as a way to build liquidity. That capital can then be redeployed during the next meaningful pullback, which is likely to occur at price levels well above today’s.
Psychologically, sharp corrections can be challenging, particularly for investors without available cash. Maintaining some dry powder through partial profit-taking enables investors to add to gold, silver, and mining positions when opportunities arise—this is the primary rationale for trimming exposure now.
Fundamentally, the case for gold remains exceptionally strong. Recent statements suggesting potential military actions involving NATO allies underscore the degree of geopolitical uncertainty. Even without direct conflict, such rhetoric alone could propel gold significantly higher against fiat currencies. In the event of an actual escalation, price moves of $2,000 per ounce—or more—could unfold rapidly.
The Shiller (CAPE) ratio—an inflation-adjusted price-to-earnings measure for the S&P 500—highlights the extreme valuation levels currently embedded in U.S equities.
If U.S. policymakers continue to pressure European allies through aggressive tariff measures while openly discussing military options, the resulting backlash could be severe. At some point, a tipping point may be reached, prompting European governments and institutions to rapidly reduce exposure to U.S. government bonds and U.S. equities.
Such a scenario would carry profound risks. Asset freezes or retaliatory measures could follow, severely disrupting global financial markets. Under those conditions, gold could experience explosive upside moves, potentially rising by thousands of fiat-denominated dollars in very short order. At the same time, forced selling from Europe could trigger a rapid collapse in U.S. equity markets, with a speed and scale rivaling—or even exceeding—historic market crashes.
The broader takeaway is that gold increasingly functions as a form of sovereign money for billions of individuals, particularly across Asia, who already view it as a long-term store of value. As pressures build on systems dominated by fiat currency, debt expansion, and coercive policy tools, the resilience of those systems may be tested. Should confidence fracture, the adjustment—especially in the U.S.—could be both abrupt and far-reaching.
Turning to the 10-year Treasury yield chart, the recent upside breakout carries profound implications for both the U.S. government and gold. For years, the notion of unlimited quantitative easing was promoted as a sustainable solution, but that framework was always unrealistic. Instead, it appears to be giving way to a regime of persistently higher interest rates—and, in parallel, steadily rising fiat-denominated gold prices.
This shift reflects a deeper issue: confidence in governments and their currencies is eroding. As debt burdens expand and monetary credibility weakens, markets are beginning to price in a structural change rather than a temporary cycle. In that environment, higher yields and higher gold prices are not contradictions but complementary signals of systemic stress.
The loss of trust in fiat-based systems is no longer a distant risk; it is an active force shaping global markets—and one that is likely to persist.
While a new Federal Reserve chair has yet to be appointed, the leading candidate, Kevin, is known to favor aggressive quantitative tightening and has openly described equity markets as severely overvalued. To restore credibility in the U.S. government, its bond market, and the dollar, a substantial and sustained QT program would likely be required.
What I continue to regard as one of the most significant base formations in market history is the inverse head-and-shoulders pattern on the CDNX. I have long argued that a breakout from this structure would likely coincide with a major move higher in long-term interest rates, and recent developments suggest that this scenario is unfolding decisively.
My long-term objective for the CDNX stands at 10,000, and well before that level is reached, many junior resource stocks could deliver outsized returns—potentially achieving multi-hundred- or even thousand-fold gains.
Another chart I encourage investors to monitor closely is the GDX-to-gold ratio. Of particular note is the 14,3,3 Stochastics oscillator at the bottom of the chart. As the upside breakout gains traction and the rally develops, this momentum indicator could remain in overbought territory not merely for months or years, but potentially for an extended secular period.
The broader takeaway is clear: Markets appear to be entering a new phase—one defined by a sustained gold bull cycle. In this environment, informed and disciplined investors stand to benefit the most, as capital increasingly shifts toward real assets and away from fiat-based complacency.
Silver remains in a high-momentum price-discovery phase, holding above the Daily VCPMI mean in the upper $89–$90 area, signaling sustained bullish momentum across both short- and intermediate-term timeframes.
The current structure points to strong participation on corrective pullbacks, increasing the likelihood that dips remain brief as buyers continue to defend the Daily Buy 1 and Weekly VCPMI support zones between $85 and $87.
From a time-cycle standpoint, the dominant 30-, 60-, and 90-day harmonic cycles remain in alignment with the broader expansion phase that began in early Q4. The market is now entering a near-term inflection window projected for January 18–20, a period that historically aligns with volatility compression and subsequent directional resolution. Should price sustain closes above the Daily Sell 1 level, the probability outlook shifts toward trend continuation, with upside targets extending to the Weekly Sell 1 and Weekly Sell 2 zones.
Square of 9 price geometry identifies $93.75, $94.80, and $95.40 as key harmonic resistance levels—rotational nodes where trend acceleration or rejection is most likely to occur. A sustained acceptance above this zone would open the technical pathway toward the $98–$101 range, aligning with the upper Weekly Sell 2 projection and longer-term cycle expansion targets.
Conversely, failure to rotate higher through this resistance band would favor a mean-reversion move back toward the Daily VCPMI mean and the Weekly Buy 1 support zone near $81–$83.
From a structural perspective, silver’s resilience amid elevated volatility and margin pressure continues to validate a supported trend environment, with accumulation behavior dominating corrective phases. Rising open interest and consistent closes above the Weekly VCPMI further support the view that the broader market remains positioned for higher price discovery rather than distribution.
Looking ahead, the secondary momentum window from January 27–30 marks the next key timing convergence, where the interplay between Square of 9 resistance and cyclical factors could drive either a decisive breakout or a rotational pullback.
Traders applying the VC PMI framework should maintain discipline, executing systematically at predefined probability levels while separating emotional bias from structured risk and money management.
WTI crude prices edged lower to around $59.25 in early European trading on Tuesday.
Tensions surrounding Iran have eased in recent days following earlier speculation about a potential U.S. attack.
Market attention is now turning to developments around Greenland after President Trump threatened to escalate tariffs on eight European countries.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI), the U.S. crude oil benchmark, was trading near $59.25 during early European hours on Tuesday. Prices edged lower as concerns over supply disruptions from Iran eased, while traders continued to assess the implications of the U.S. push to take control of Greenland.
There were no signs of escalating tensions in Iran over the weekend, although Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said that 5,000 people were killed in anti-government protests this month, according to Reuters. The easing of tensions has reduced the risk of a potential U.S. attack that could disrupt supplies from a major OPEC producer, weighing on WTI prices.
Traders are turning their focus to the Greenland crisis after U.S. President Donald Trump said on Saturday that Washington would impose an additional 10% import tariff from February 1 on goods from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the United Kingdom until the U.S. is permitted to purchase Greenland.
Trump is expected to discuss Greenland at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, on Wednesday, while European Union leaders are set to hold an emergency summit in Brussels on Thursday. Concerns that tensions could escalate into a broader U.S.–EU trade war have weighed on market sentiment and may add selling pressure to oil prices.
“With fears around Iran easing in recent days following rumors of a U.S. attack, market attention has shifted to the Greenland issue and the potential depth of any fallout between the U.S. and Europe, as an expanded trade conflict could weigh on demand,” said Janiv Shah, an analyst at Rystad.
Meanwhile, the American Petroleum Institute’s (API) crude inventory report is due later on Tuesday. A larger-than-expected draw could signal stronger demand and support WTI prices, while a bigger-than-forecast build would point to weaker demand or oversupply, potentially pressuring prices lower.
Gold prices surged beyond $4,800 an ounce on Wednesday, hitting a fresh record as rising tensions surrounding Greenland and renewed trade disputes unsettled global markets, prompting investors to seek refuge in safe-haven assets.
Spot gold advanced 1.7% to an all-time high of $4,844.39 an ounce by 21:13 ET (02:13 GMT), extending a powerful rally that has seen bullion notch multiple record highs this month.
Meanwhile, U.S. gold futures rose 1.3% to $4,830.04 per ounce. Gold has gained more than 5% so far this week, including Wednesday’s advance, as geopolitical tensions continue to underpin safe-haven demand.
The latest rally comes amid ongoing strain in U.S.–European relations over Greenland’s strategic significance. U.S. President Donald Trump has stated there is “no going back” on Greenland, citing Arctic security concerns, and has warned of potential tariffs on European nations—adding to market anxiety already heightened by global trade risks.
In response, French President Emmanuel Macron said Europe would not yield to “bullies,” emphasising that mutual respect and cooperation—not pressure—should guide relations between allies. Speaking on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Macron’s comments highlighted growing European unease over Washington’s rhetoric and trade threats linked to the Greenland issue.
Although Trump attempted to ease concerns by saying the U.S. was working toward a solution acceptable to NATO, investor caution has persisted.
Demand for gold was further supported by a weaker U.S. dollar, which fell roughly 0.8% on Tuesday to its lowest level in two weeks. The U.S. Dollar Index remained under pressure during Asian trading on Wednesday, slipping a further 0.2%.
A softer dollar typically boosts gold by making the metal more affordable for holders of other currencies, increasing demand for the non-yielding asset.
Elsewhere in the precious metals complex, silver prices dipped slightly to around $93.9 per ounce after reaching a record high of $95.87 per ounce on Tuesday. Platinum also touched a fresh all-time high of $2,519.51 per ounce on Wednesday before giving back gains, last trading about 0.6% lower at $2,450.9 per ounce.
Silver remains within a clearly defined VC PMI probability structure, consolidating around the Daily VC PMI mean near the $89.25 area. This zone represents the market’s equilibrium level, where directional momentum is established. A sustained close above the mean would trigger bullish momentum, statistically favoring a move toward the Daily Sell 1 level near $91.94, followed by the Daily Sell 2 region around $95.33.
These upside targets also align with Square of 9 harmonic resistance levels, implying that any rally into these zones could be accompanied by heightened volatility and increased profit-taking.
Time-cycle analysis points to a near-term inflection window between January 18 and 20, followed by a secondary momentum window from January 27 to 30. These periods align with current Square of 9 price geometry, where 45-degree and 90-degree harmonic rotations from the recent swing low intersect with the Daily and Weekly VC PMI bands.
Historically, when these time and price relationships converge, markets tend to experience either an expansion in momentum or a corrective pause ahead of the next directional move.
On the downside, corrective phases remain brief and shallow, underscoring a structurally supported trend. The Daily Buy 1 level near $85.86 and Daily Buy 2 around $83.17 mark high-probability accumulation areas, where the VC PMI model assigns a 90–95% likelihood of mean reversion back toward the daily equilibrium. These levels are further supported by the Weekly VC PMI mean near $87.40, which continues to function as dynamic support within the broader trend framework.
From a higher-timeframe perspective, the Weekly Sell 1 level near $94.89 and Weekly Sell 2 around $101.25 represent the next key upside reference points should daily bullish momentum evolve into a sustained trend. A weekly close above both the daily and weekly means would confirm a structural shift, clearing the way toward these upper harmonic targets derived from Square of 9 geometry and Fibonacci extensions.
Futures tied to major U.S. stock indexes fell after President Donald Trump raised the prospect of imposing tariffs as part of his push to acquire Greenland. European leaders discussed possible retaliation against the measures, which they described as a form of blackmail. Gold climbed to a fresh record high, while oil prices edged lower as traders assessed Trump’s remarks and the EU’s response. Elsewhere, China’s economic growth slowed in the fourth quarter but still met Beijing’s 2025 target.
U.S. futures and global stocks decline
U.S. stock futures pointed lower on Monday as investors weighed President Donald Trump’s threat to impose tariffs on several European countries until the United States is allowed to acquire Greenland.
By 03:05 ET (08:05 GMT), Dow futures were down 404 points, or 0.8%, S&P 500 futures had fallen 66 points, or 1.0%, and Nasdaq 100 futures were off 336 points, or 1.3%.
With U.S. cash markets closed for the Martin Luther King Jr. Day holiday, the immediate reaction to Trump’s latest tariff threat will be delayed. Risk-off sentiment has spread globally, dragging equities lower across Europe and Asia.
ING analysts said Trump’s comments, following last year’s sweeping global tariffs, have pushed trade tensions into “an entirely new dimension,” driven less by economic considerations and more by political motives. They added that while past experience suggests caution in reacting to dramatic announcements, some of Trump’s threats over the past year have ultimately been carried out.
Focus on Trump’s Greenland tariffs
European leaders agreed on Sunday to intensify efforts to counter President Donald Trump’s tariff threats, with reports suggesting EU officials are considering strong retaliatory measures if the levies are imposed.
On Saturday, Trump said he would introduce 10% tariffs on exports from eight European countries—Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Finland, Norway and the United Kingdom—until the United States is able to acquire Greenland. He added that the tariffs would be raised to 25% if the purchase of the semi-autonomous Danish territory does not go ahead. Trump has framed the move as a national security necessity, a claim European governments have rejected, describing it as blackmail.
Ahead of an emergency EU summit in Brussels on Thursday, member states are expected to debate a range of responses, including a potential €93 billion tariff package on U.S. imports and the possible use of the bloc’s “Anti-Coercion Instrument,” which could restrict U.S. access to investment, banking and services markets. Reuters, citing an EU source, reported that the tariff package currently has broader backing.
Trump’s latest tariff threat has also cast doubt over the future of a U.S.–EU trade agreement reached last year, with EU officials saying they cannot approve the deal while Washington pursues control of Greenland. ING analysts said that while the outcome of the dispute remains uncertain, it underscores the lack of predictability in global trade and tariff policy.
Gold reaches record high
Gold prices climbed to record highs in Asian trade on Monday, nearing $4,700 an ounce, as investors rushed into safe-haven assets following President Trump’s latest tariff threat.
Spot gold rose 1.6% to $4,667.33 an ounce by 02:26 ET (07:26 GMT), after earlier touching a record $4,690.75. U.S. gold futures also hit a new peak at $4,697.71 an ounce.
Silver prices surged more than 4% to a fresh all-time high of $94.03 an ounce, supported by safe-haven demand as well as its role as an industrial metal.
Oil prices edge lower
Oil prices edged lower, giving back part of last week’s gains as markets weighed the growing risk of a trade dispute linked to Greenland. Brent crude slipped 0.1% to $59.74 a barrel, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate fell 0.1% to $55.95.
Crude had rallied early last week on concerns that unrest in Iran could threaten oil supplies from the Middle East, a region that accounts for a significant share of global output. Much of that risk premium faded after President Trump ruled out immediate U.S. military action, leading prices to pull back before stabilizing toward the end of the week.
China’s economy meets 2025 growth target
China’s economy grew slightly more than expected in the fourth quarter of 2025, data released on Monday showed, as policy stimulus and a pickup in consumption helped the country meet its annual growth target.
Gross domestic product rose 4.5% year on year in the October–December period, in line with forecasts but down from 4.8% in the previous quarter, marking the slowest pace in three years. On a quarter-on-quarter basis, GDP expanded 1.2%, marginally above expectations of 1.1%.
The result brought full-year 2025 growth to 5%, meeting Beijing’s target. The government is widely expected to set a similar 5% growth goal again, as it continues to face heightened U.S. trade tensions, weak consumer demand and a prolonged property sector downturn.
Economic growth depends on population expansion and the formation of new households. While the idea of fewer people—less congestion, smaller crowds, and reduced strain on infrastructure—may seem appealing, the risks associated with population decline are often understated. Much like deflation, a shrinking population poses serious and potentially greater threats to long-term economic stability.
Demographers use the “total fertility rate” (TFR), defined as the average number of births per woman, as a key measure of population sustainability. A TFR of at least 2.1 is required to maintain a stable population, with the additional 0.1 accounting largely for infant mortality. Although the global TFR stood at 2.24 last year, this figure masks significant regional disparities. Excluding Africa, the global fertility rate falls well below 2.0.
In 2025, most major advanced economies reported TFRs under the replacement threshold of 2.0, underscoring the growing demographic challenge facing industrialized nations.
No major developed economy currently records a total fertility rate above the 2.1 replacement threshold. Outside of Africa, global population growth is already in decline. Historically, from 1950 to 1970, the world’s wealthiest nations averaged more than 2.7 births per woman. Since 1995, however, that figure has fallen sharply to around 1.6, reaching a record low of approximately 1.5 during the 2020–2025 period.
Globally, population growth remains marginally positive, driven largely by demographic expansion in Africa and rising life expectancy among older populations. However, Asia’s two largest economies—China and Japan—are experiencing population decline, a trend that constrains their long-term growth potential. More critically, shrinking cohorts of younger workers are increasingly unable to shoulder the financial burden of supporting aging populations that are living longer and often facing higher healthcare needs.
China has formally abandoned its long-standing one-child policy, but behavioral patterns shaped by decades of enforcement have proven difficult to reverse. Today, many young couples are reluctant to have even a single child, prioritizing career advancement and higher incomes instead. Compounding the challenge, the legacy of the policy produced severe demographic distortions. Prior to 2010, widespread prenatal sex selection—driven by the desire to raise a single male “heir” to support parents in old age—led to a significant gender imbalance, with roughly 118 male births for every 100 female births between 2002 and 2008. The result is a surplus of men and a shrinking pool of potential spouses.
In the mid-1990s, a typical Chinese household consisted of four grandparents, two parents, and one heavily relied-upon child—the so-called “young emperor.” This inverted demographic pyramid is financially unsustainable, as the burden of supporting multiple generations increasingly falls on a single income earner.
Europe faces an even steeper demographic challenge. With an average fertility rate of just 1.4 children per woman and a comparatively generous system of old-age pensions, the region confronts mounting fiscal pressure. These constraints help explain Europe’s historical reliance on the United States for security spending—a strategy that may prove risky as President Donald Trump presses European nations to assume greater responsibility for their own defense.
The United States remains in a stronger demographic position than Europe or much of Asia, in part because of its relatively effective assimilation of immigrants and higher rates of family formation in more conservative regions of the country. However, with the administration introducing tighter immigration restrictions and stepping up efforts to detain and deport undocumented workers, questions are emerging over whether there will be a sufficient supply of willing young workers to staff the growing number of factories being brought back onshore.
Another structural risk embedded in these demographic trends is the growing strain on Social Security and Medicare. These programs function as intergenerational compacts, in which today’s workers finance the retirement and rising healthcare costs of the elderly. Unlike 401(k) plans or IRAs, they are not savings vehicles but largely unfunded entitlements built on historical assumptions of higher birth rates and a broad, growing workforce.
As younger generations are increasingly less likely to marry, have children, or pursue stable, high-earning careers—instead relying more on gig-based employment—the system faces mounting pressure. These shifts raise serious concerns about the long-term sustainability of funding future benefits, particularly in a society producing fewer contributors to support the next generation of retirees.
Gold prices jumped to record highs in Asian trade on Monday, nearing $4,700 an ounce, as strong safe-haven demand followed President Donald Trump’s threat to impose fresh tariffs on eight European countries over Greenland.
Spot gold was last up 1.8% at $4,675.55 an ounce by 19:31 ET (00:31 GMT), after touching a session record of $4,690.75 earlier.U.S. gold futures rose 1.9% to $4,681.10 an ounce.
The precious metal built on last week’s strong gains, during which bullion posted a series of record highs, supported by growing expectations of U.S. interest rate cuts and elevated geopolitical risks.
Silver surged more than 4% to a fresh record high of $94.03 an ounce, buoyed by both safe-haven demand and its role as an industrial metal.
U.S. President Donald Trump said on Sunday he would impose fresh tariffs on eight European countries that have opposed Washington’s plan to acquire Greenland.Trump said a 10% levy would be introduced from Feb. 1, with the rate set to rise to 25% in June if no agreement is reached.
The affected countries include France, Germany and the United Kingdom, along with several Nordic and northern European nations.The move drew sharp criticism from European officials and reignited fears of a wider transatlantic trade dispute, driving investors toward precious metals.
The tariff threat added to an already favorable environment for gold, which has been supported in recent weeks by expectations that the Federal Reserve will begin cutting interest rates later this year.
Weaker U.S. economic data and signs of easing inflation have reinforced the case for monetary easing, lowering the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding assets such as gold.
Geopolitical risks have also underpinned prices, with gold rising sharply last week amid renewed concerns over developments in the Middle East, including tensions involving Iran.
Canada and China reached a preliminary trade agreement on Friday to sharply reduce tariffs on electric vehicles and canola, pledging to dismantle trade barriers and deepen strategic cooperation during Prime Minister Mark Carney’s visit.
On his first trip to China since 2017 by a Canadian prime minister, Carney aims to repair relations with Canada’s second-largest trading partner after the United States, following months of diplomatic outreach.
Canada will initially permit imports of up to 49,000 Chinese electric vehicles at a 6.1% most-favoured-nation tariff, Prime Minister Mark Carney said following talks with Chinese leaders, including President Xi Jinping.
The move marks a sharp reversal from the 100% tariff imposed on Chinese EVs in 2024 under former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, in line with similar measures taken by the United States. China shipped 41,678 electric vehicles to Canada in 2023.
“This restores access to levels seen before the recent trade disputes, but within a framework that offers significantly more benefits for Canadians,” Carney said, adding that the import quota would be expanded gradually to around 70,000 vehicles over the next five years.
“To build a globally competitive electric vehicle industry, Canada must learn from innovative partners, gain access to their supply chains, and stimulate domestic demand,” Carney said, distancing himself from former prime minister Justin Trudeau’s view that tariffs were necessary to shield local manufacturers from subsidised Chinese competitors.
Canada’s decision to ease EV tariffs runs counter to U.S. policy, drawing criticism from some members of President Donald Trump’s cabinet ahead of a planned review of the U.S.–Canada–Mexico trade agreement. However, Trump himself voiced support for Carney’s approach.
“That’s exactly what he should be doing. Signing trade deals is good for him. If you can strike a deal with China, you should take it,” Trump said at the White House.
AGRI-FOOD PARTNERSHIP: Ontario Premier Doug Ford denounces the deal.
“The federal government is effectively opening the door to a surge of low-cost Chinese-made electric vehicles without firm assurances of comparable or timely investment in Canada’s economy, auto industry, or supply chains,” Ford said in a post on X.
China imposed retaliatory tariffs in March on more than $2.6 billion worth of Canadian agricultural and food exports — including canola oil and meal — in response to tariffs introduced by Trudeau. Additional duties on canola seed followed in August.
As a result, China’s imports of Canadian goods fell by 10.4% in 2025.
Under the new agreement, Canada expects China to cut tariffs on canola seed to a combined rate of around 15% by March 1, down from 84%, Carney said. He added that discriminatory tariffs on Canadian canola meal, lobsters, crabs and peas are also expected to be lifted from March 1 through at least the end of the year.
Canadian canola futures climbed.
The agreements are expected to generate nearly $3 billion in export orders for Canadian farmers, fishers and food processors, Carney said.
China’s Ministry of Commerce said it would adjust anti-dumping duties on canola and lift anti-discrimination measures on certain Canadian agricultural and seafood products, citing Canada’s decision to lower tariffs on electric vehicles.
Carney added that President Xi Jinping had agreed in principle to grant visa-free travel for Canadians visiting China, though further details were not provided.
In a statement released by state-run Xinhua, the two countries said they would resume high-level economic and financial talks, expand trade and investment, and deepen cooperation in sectors including agriculture, oil, gas and green energy.
Carney said Canada plans to double the size of its power grid over the next 15 years, creating potential opportunities for Chinese investment, including in offshore wind projects. He also said Canada is ramping up liquefied natural gas exports to Asia, with annual production set to reach 50 million tonnes by 2030, all of which will be shipped to Asian markets.
Carney says China has become “more predictable”
Given the growing complications in Canada’s trade relationship with the United States, it is unsurprising that Carney’s government is seeking to strengthen trade and investment ties with Beijing, which offers a vast market for Canadian agricultural exports, said Even Rogers Pay of Beijing-based consultancy Trivium China.
U.S. President Donald Trump has imposed tariffs on certain Canadian goods and has even suggested that the longtime U.S. ally could become America’s 51st state. China, which has also been targeted by Trump’s tariffs, is eager to deepen cooperation with a G7 country traditionally seen as part of the U.S. sphere of influence.
Asked whether China had become a more predictable and reliable partner than the United States, Carney said recent engagement with Beijing had delivered greater clarity and tangible outcomes. “Looking at how our relationship with China has evolved in recent months, it has become more predictable, and we are seeing results from that,” he said.
Carney added that he had also discussed Greenland with President Xi Jinping, saying the two leaders found their views broadly aligned. Trump has recently revived his claim to the semi-autonomous Danish territory, prompting NATO members to push back against U.S. criticism that Greenland is insufficiently defended.
Analysts said the warming of ties between Canada and China could alter the political and economic backdrop of Sino-U.S. competition, though Ottawa is unlikely to shift decisively away from Washington.
“Canada remains a core U.S. ally and is deeply integrated into American security and intelligence systems,” said Sun Chenghao, a fellow at Tsinghua University’s Centre for International Security and Strategy. “A strategic realignment away from Washington is therefore highly unlikely.”
The Federal Reserve’s Beige Book released Wednesday indicated that “tariff-driven cost pressures were widespread across every district.” Out of the 12 Fed districts, only two saw mild price increases, while the remaining 10 experienced more intense price pressure. This suggests the Fed is unlikely to reduce benchmark interest rates at the upcoming FOMC meeting—unless signs of labor market weakness push them to cut rates again to support hiring.
Meanwhile, a 5.1% increase in existing home sales in December could point to a potential recovery in the housing sector. The median price of homes sold last month was $405,400, a gain of just 0.4% year-over-year, indicating that home price appreciation remains limited.
The Commerce Department reported that retail sales increased 0.6% in December, surpassing economists’ forecasts of a 0.5% gain. In addition, October’s retail sales were revised to a 0.1% decline, instead of the previously estimated 0.2% rise. Overall, 10 of the 13 retail categories posted higher sales in November, making this a strong performance that should continue to support solid GDP expansion.
Meanwhile, three missile-capable ships and an aircraft carrier are being deployed to the Middle East in a show of force aimed at pressuring Iran’s government. Crude oil markets are pricing in the possibility that Iran’s oil exports could be removed from global supply, depriving the regime of revenue. This signals that President Trump may take further action beyond sanctions and a 25% tariff on nations that trade with Iran.
Intense diplomatic efforts have been taking place between Iran and neighboring Arab countries. On Wednesday, President Trump said Iran had halted the killing of anti-government demonstrators and would not carry out death sentences against people accused of seeking to overthrow the regime. His comments suggested the U.S. might be stepping back from launching military strikes. Trump told reporters that the U.S. had received word Iran had “no plans to execute protesters.”He went on to say that new information indicated the deaths had ceased and the executions had been stopped, adding that many believed executions were scheduled for that day.
Jerome Powell’s eight-year leadership at the Federal Reserve is ending amid significant challenges for the U.S. central bank and divided opinions among policymakers about the right approach to monetary policy. So, what might Powell’s last moves as Chair look like in this environment?
The labor market is still slightly weaker than full employment. Private sector job growth has stalled recently, and although the unemployment rate dropped a bit in December, it remains above what most economists consider the long-term natural rate.
On the inflation front, recent data are more promising. Core CPI inflation fell to 2.6% year-over-year in December from 3.1% in August. Some temporary shutdown effects may be lowering this figure by about 0.1 percentage points, and the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, the PCE deflator, likely hasn’t improved as much. However, the overall trend for core inflation entering 2026 is clearly downward.
Given this, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) likely has room to continue guiding the federal funds rate toward a neutral level in the near term. The forecast remains two quarter-point rate cuts in March and June, with the rate then holding steady at 3.00%-3.25%.
However, the opportunity for further rate reductions is narrowing. Fiscal stimulus from the recent One Big Beautiful Bill Act is expected to start boosting the economy by spring or summer. Additionally, tariff risks seem to be declining, which could also spur faster growth later in the year. The recent 75 basis points of rate cuts over the past three months will likely provide some support as well.
If labor market and inflation indicators show signs of overheating in the coming months, Powell and the FOMC might opt to pause policy adjustments and leave things steady for the next Chair. This successor could face skepticism from a committee under pressure from the Trump administration. The expectation of stronger economic growth in spring and summer further supports holding rates steady.
For now, the current forecast stands, but there is growing risk that rate cuts may be delayed or reduced compared to the baseline prediction.
Oil prices are rising sharply, as WTI nears $62 and Brent crude moves up toward $66 per barrel. These increases highlight the market’s responsiveness to geopolitical tensions, despite no actual disruptions in supply. The question remains: where will prices go from here?
Main Highlights of WTI Crude Oil
WTI Crude Oil prices are sharply rising amid concerns that ongoing protests in Iran might escalate and impact production or disrupt the Strait of Hormuz.
However, this upward pressure is balanced by underlying fundamentals and a global surplus.
The current price around $62 is a crucial threshold: surpassing this resistance level could pave the way for a rally toward the six-month highs near $66.
In today’s trading environment, it can be difficult for market participants to isolate the key drivers of price action on a day‑to‑day basis. Beyond enduring themes like economic growth trajectories, inflation trends, the expansion of AI infrastructure, and sovereign debt pressures, fresh geopolitical tensions seem to emerge almost daily.
Amid simmering issues in places like Venezuela — and speculation about other potential flashpoints — Iran has become the dominant focus for energy markets. Nationwide protests there, sparked by severe economic strains and a collapsing currency, have raised serious questions about stability in one of the world’s most influential oil‑producing countries.
Although these demonstrations have not yet led to direct disruptions in oil output, the unrest has prompted traders to price in a growing geopolitical risk premium. Concerns about possible escalation — including the risk of broader conflict or disruption to key infrastructure such as the Strait of Hormuz, through which a large share of global seaborne oil exports transit — are contributing to recent volatility in crude prices.
As a reminder, Iran remains a key influence on global energy markets due to both its oil production capacity and its control over the Strait of Hormuz — a vital maritime chokepoint through which nearly 20 million barrels per day of crude and petroleum products transit, representing a large share of seaborne global oil flows. Any actual or perceived threat to exports or shipping through this route can have outsized impacts on pricing and risk sentiment.
Against this backdrop, oil prices have recently climbed, with Brent trading in the mid‑$60s and WTI previously approaching the $62 per barrel area, as traders price in geopolitical risk tied to the unrest in Iran. This reflects markets’ sensitivity to potential escalations, even though there have been no confirmed widespread production outages to date.
However, this upside is balanced by broader market fundamentals. Global oil inventories remain substantial, and additional output from other producers — including resumed Venezuelan exports and lingering oversupply concerns — continues to temper the rally. This backdrop helps explain why prices have fluctuated and, at times, pulled back when geopolitical anxieties ease.
Looking ahead, the future direction of crude prices is likely to hinge on developments in Iran’s domestic unrest and whether tensions translate into actual disruptions in oil production or interference with key export infrastructure such as the Strait of Hormuz. So far, most of the price appreciation has been driven by risk premium and sentiment rather than physical losses of barrels.
If broader instability were to disrupt supply routes or exports, markets could respond with a more pronounced and sustained price surge, particularly given the strategic importance of Middle East exports to the global oil system. However, short‑term moves are also currently influenced by macro factors such as inventory data and demand signals, as well as comments from policymakers that can quickly recalibrate risk perceptions.
Technical Analysis of Crude Oil: Daily Chart for WTI
Looking at the technicals, WTI Crude Oil is on a five-day winning streak, climbing from the lower end of its three-month trading range between $55 and $62 up to the upper boundary. Chart-wise, the current price level is a crucial threshold: a break above the $62 resistance — which also aligns with the 200-day moving average — could open the door for further gains toward the six-month highs around $66, where it would face resistance from the longer-term bearish trend line drawn from the second half of 2023’s peak.
Conversely, if indications emerge that the protests are easing and stability is being restored in Iran, the geopolitical risk premium currently weighing on crude prices may diminish. This could trigger a reversal, causing prices to retreat below the $60 mark. Regardless of the outcome, oil traders should closely monitor developments in Iran in the days ahead.
After reaching record highs and recording its largest four-day gain since 2008, silver’s momentum has sharply reversed. The price broke through its uptrend support from January 9, signaling a potential deeper correction.
Despite strong macroeconomic tailwinds, selling pressure has intensified, likely fueled by heavy retail trader activity, which has contributed to significant volatility.
The break of the uptrend was confirmed by a three-candle bearish reversal pattern on the hourly charts and bearish divergence in the RSI (14) indicator.
Following the trend break, silver’s price dropped sharply to a support level at $86.24 before rebounding toward $89.15. This price range has been a key area of activity recently and will be important for traders monitoring short-term movements.
If the bullish trend has ended and the price fails to climb back above $89.15 to rejoin the uptrend, traders might consider opening short positions just below this level with a tight stop-loss above it for protection. The initial target would be support at $89.24.
Should this support break, key downside levels to watch are $84.60, $83.67, and $82.76, all of which previously acted as short-term support or resistance during the upward move. Further declines could target $80.50 and $79 if the sell-off gains momentum.
However, as has often been the case with silver breakouts, bearish moves tend to be short-lived, so a strong wave of dip-buying remains possible. If buyers push the price back above $89.15, it could trigger new long positions aiming first for the previous uptrend level, followed by targets at $92 and the record high of $93.61.
While I don’t put much emphasis on the mixed signals from the RSI (14) and MACD regarding the short-term direction, the bearish divergence between RSI and price before the drop did offer an early warning that the bullish momentum was weakening. This is an important factor to consider regardless of silver’s next move.
Gold prices declined during Asian trading on Thursday following three days of record-breaking highs, as U.S. President Donald Trump softened his position on the unrest in Iran and Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell eased concerns, reducing the demand for gold as a safe haven.
Spot gold was last down 0.8% at $4,588.55 per ounce by 23:04 ET (04:04 GMT), while U.S. Gold Futures fell 0.3% to $34,594.10. In the previous session, gold reached a record peak of $4,642.72 per ounce.
Other precious metals experienced even sharper drops, with silver plunging nearly 6% to $87.74 per ounce and platinum prices falling 4% to $2,309.52 per ounce.
Gold retreats from highs as Trump adopts a milder approach toward Iran
The precious metal had climbed to consecutive record highs amid concerns that escalating unrest in Iran might provoke U.S. military intervention and destabilize the Middle East, along with worries about political pressure on the U.S. Federal Reserve.
Those fears subsided after President Trump indicated a softer approach toward Iran. He stated that he was reassured Iranian authorities would cease killing protesters and expressed his belief that there were no plans for large-scale executions at this time.
His remarks lowered the chances of an immediate U.S. military response to the protests against the government of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, easing the geopolitical tensions that had driven gold’s recent surge.
Trump states there is no intention to dismiss Fed Chair Powell.
Gold prices also came under pressure after Trump attempted to ease worries about the Federal Reserve. In an interview with Reuters, he stated that he had no plans to remove Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, despite ongoing investigations, which helped to alleviate investor concerns about the independence of U.S. monetary policy.
The recent decline in gold was partly due to profit-taking following its rapid rise, which pushed prices well beyond key technical levels.
Despite Thursday’s drop, gold remained supported by expectations of U.S. interest rate cuts later this year, ongoing geopolitical tensions, and robust central bank purchases.
Lower interest rates generally benefit gold by decreasing the opportunity cost of holding a non-yielding asset.
Michael Saylor’s Strategy Inc. purchased nearly $1.25 billion worth of Bitcoin, marking its largest acquisition of the cryptocurrency since July.
Between January 5 and 11, the former MicroStrategy acquired 13,627 BTC, according to a regulatory filing on Monday. Most of these recent purchases were funded by proceeds from at-the-market sales of its Class A common stock.
This move follows the company’s disclosure last week of a $17.44 billion unrealized loss in Q4, due to the decline in Bitcoin’s value. New accounting rules require the firm to report the fair value of its Bitcoin holdings in earnings, causing significant fluctuations between profits and losses. Bitcoin dropped 24% in the last quarter of 2025—the largest decline since Q2 2022.
The substantial loss comes at a critical juncture for the dot-com-era software company turned Bitcoin proxy, which now holds a cryptocurrency portfolio valued at about $62 billion. Investor confidence has waned in the treasury-company model pioneered by Strategy’s co-founder and chairman, Saylor, over five years ago. Despite outperforming benchmark stock indexes initially, the company’s shares fell 48% in 2025.
The decline in Strategy’s share price has raised concerns that the company might need to sell Bitcoin to cover future expenses like growing dividends and interest payments, given that the cryptocurrency generates no income and the software division produces minimal positive cash flow. To alleviate these worries, Strategy created a cash reserve by selling common shares on December 1, which amounted to $2.25 billion as of January 4.
As of 10:10 a.m. in New York on Monday, Strategy’s shares remained relatively steady at around $158. Bitcoin also showed little movement, trading near $90,700.
WTI crude slipped to around $60.70 during Wednesday’s Asian trading session, pressured by significant increases in U.S. crude stockpiles. Meanwhile, President Trump assured Iranian protesters that support is forthcoming.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI), the U.S. crude oil benchmark, was trading near $60.70 during Wednesday’s Asian session, as prices edged lower amid rising supply pressures. WTI has been pressured by Venezuela restarting oil exports and the latest American Petroleum Institute (API) report showing a large build in U.S. crude inventories, while traders await the official Energy Information Administration (EIA) stockpile figures later in the day.
According to Reuters and industry sources, Venezuela has begun reversing recent production cuts made under its previous U.S. oil embargo, allowing crude exports to resume. Two supertankers carrying roughly 1.8 million barrels each departed Venezuelan waters, potentially marking the first shipments under a 50‑million‑barrel supply arrangement with Washington, following U.S. control of the country’s exports after political developments.
U.S. crude inventories saw a significant increase last week, with the American Petroleum Institute (API) reporting a build of 5.27 million barrels for the week ending January 9. This contrasts sharply with the previous week’s drawdown of 2.8 million barrels and defies market expectations, which had forecasted a 2 million barrel decline.
Despite the growing stockpiles, ongoing geopolitical tensions in Iran—a key oil producer—could provide support for WTI prices. U.S. President Donald Trump canceled all planned meetings with Iranian officials and pledged assistance to protesters amid reports of a severe crackdown by Iranian security forces, which has resulted in hundreds of deaths. Trump has repeatedly warned that the U.S. would intervene if the Iranian government continues to target demonstrators.
Silver prices hit a new all-time high approaching $90.00 amid escalating tensions as the U.S. threatens military action in Iran. Meanwhile, leaders of major global central banks have criticized Washington for undermining the Federal Reserve’s independence. Despite this, the U.S. dollar rebounded sharply after these central bank chiefs expressed strong support for Fed Chair Jerome Powell.
Silver (XAG/USD) continued its winning streak for a fourth consecutive trading day on Wednesday, rallying close to $90.00 during the Asian session. The white metal’s advance is supported by sustained demand for safe-haven assets amid ongoing geopolitical tensions.
In Iran, widespread civil unrest driven by soaring inflation, a sharp depreciation of the Rial against the US Dollar, and government corruption has led to the deaths of hundreds of protesters calling for political change.
In response, U.S. President Donald Trump has threatened military action against Tehran if the Iranian government continues to kill protesters.
Meanwhile, concerns over the Federal Reserve’s independence have intensified following criminal charges against Chairman Jerome Powell related to alleged mismanagement of funds for renovating Washington’s headquarters. Powell dismissed the charges as a “pretext,” attributing them to the Fed’s decision to set interest rates based on public interest rather than presidential preferences. These developments kept safe-haven assets in demand.
The news initially caused a sharp drop in the U.S. dollar, with experts warning that any threat to the Fed’s autonomy could negatively impact the country’s sovereign credit rating. However, the dollar quickly recovered after top officials from global central banks expressed strong support for Powell amid his dispute with President Trump.
“We stand in full solidarity with the Fed System and its Chair Jerome H. Powell,” said leaders of the European Central Bank, Bank of England, and nine other major institutions in a joint statement on Tuesday.
Silver technical analysis
XAG/USD is trading higher near $90.00 at the time of writing, with strong buying momentum pushing the price further into overbought territory.
The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) has risen to 74.77 from 72.52, signaling increasing bullish momentum. Although the trend remains upward, the overextended conditions may limit further gains and lead to a period of consolidation.
A slight pullback in momentum, with the RSI retreating closer to the 70 level, could provide a healthy reset and support a more gradual upward move. However, if the RSI accelerates again toward the previous high near 85.90, the rally may face a sharper correction due to rising momentum fatigue.
Silver is being boosted by expectations of interest rate cuts, a weaker US dollar, and increasing geopolitical tensions.
Limited supply combined with record-high industrial demand make silver very responsive to changes in market risk sentiment.
Staying above $83.36 maintains potential for further gains, while dips toward $75 are likely to draw in buyers.
Silver kicks off the week with robust momentum, fueled by multiple factors converging simultaneously. Safe-haven demand is increasing due to geopolitical tensions, the broader economic environment supports expectations of US interest rate cuts, and supply remains constrained amid strong industrial demand.
As a metal that bridges both precious and industrial categories, silver typically reacts more quickly than many other assets to changes in market risk sentiment.
Interest Rates, US Dollar, and Risk Sentiment Are Aligning Together
Last week’s US December jobs report indicated a cooling labor market. Non-farm payrolls increased by only 50,000, while the unemployment rate fell to 4.4%, revealing softer underlying growth despite the headline figures.
This data boosted market expectations for an earlier Federal Reserve interest rate cut. As rate cut bets rose and the US dollar weakened, demand grew for non-yielding assets like silver, giving prices fresh support.
At the same time, increased judicial scrutiny of Jerome Powell and escalating tensions between the Federal Reserve and the administration have added more pressure on the US dollar. Rising political and institutional uncertainty has driven investors toward safe-haven assets, a trend that often causes sharper price swings not just in gold but also in silver, which typically experiences greater volatility.
Safe Haven Demand Returns to Center Stage
Uncertainty in the Middle East and global politics continues to drive safe haven demand in commodity markets. Rising protests in Iran and renewed tensions between Tehran and the US have pushed investors toward gold and silver.
Recent moves by the Trump administration involving Venezuela and Iran, including plans for Venezuelan oil exports and new sanctions threats, have added further uncertainty. In this context, silver’s rebound above $80 an ounce shows how quickly changes in risk sentiment impact prices. Ongoing geopolitical risks from the Russia-Ukraine war and the Gaza conflict also reinforce the environment supporting strong demand for safe haven assets.
Industrial Demand and Supply Challenges
Attributing silver’s rise solely to macroeconomic and geopolitical factors overlooks a key part of the picture. Industrial demand for silver is projected to hit record highs in 2025 and remain strong into 2026. Currently, about 58% of global silver demand comes from industrial uses, driven by rapid growth in sectors like solar panels, electric vehicles, electronics, and AI-related hardware.
This evolving demand profile is making silver a more strategic commodity, which helps explain why its prices often react faster and with greater volatility when risk appetite or commodity exposure shifts.
On the supply side, constraints persist. Only around 27% of silver production comes from primary silver mines; the majority is a byproduct of copper, lead, zinc, and gold mining, limiting the ability to quickly ramp up output. Following several years of supply deficits from 2021 to 2024, total silver supply in 2025 is estimated at about 813 million ounces, compared to demand of roughly 1.24 billion ounces.
Inventories in London, China, and the United States have dropped to low levels, underscoring the tight market conditions. China’s new export licensing system, implemented on January 1, has added extra pressure by complicating shipments, particularly for smaller producers. Meanwhile, silver’s designation as a critical mineral in the US, along with consistent physical buying in China and India, continues to bolster fundamental demand.
Silver’s Technical Outlook
On the daily chart, silver spent much of last week trading sideways between $74.66 and $83.36 while maintaining its overall uptrend. This consolidation above the rising trendline suggests a temporary pause rather than a reversal. Strong buying interest near $74 late last week, followed by a renewed push toward new highs this week, indicates that short-term momentum has shifted back to the buyers.
Technically, the $83.36 level is crucial. A decisive break and sustained trading above this point would turn previous resistance into support. As long as silver stays above $83.36, any pullbacks are likely profit-taking rather than a trend change, keeping the bullish outlook intact.
In this scenario, silver could pick up pace toward the Fibonacci extension targets at $87, $88.76, and $91.28. Holding above $91 would further strengthen the case for a run toward the psychological $100 mark, with a potential next target around $103.63 if momentum continues.
Momentum indicators back this positive outlook. The Stochastic RSI has been hovering near oversold levels, increasing the chance of an upside signal if silver stays above $83.36. The moving averages remain bullish, with short-term exponential moving averages trending upward and price holding above the 8-day EMA at 78.56 and the 21-day EMA at 73.20, reinforcing the prevailing upward trend.
On the downside, daily closes below $83 would raise concerns about breaking the short-term rising trend. In that case, the first support to watch is 78.56, aligning with the 8-day EMA. If that fails, the 74.50 to 74.66 zone becomes crucial, marking the base of recent consolidation and a key Fibonacci retracement level.
A decisive break below this support band could lead to a deeper correction toward 69.28 and potentially 64.93. However, if the broader fundamentals remain supportive—such as expectations for rate cuts, a weaker dollar, elevated geopolitical risks, and ongoing supply constraints—any pullbacks near $75 are likely to attract buyers.
In summary, fundamentals continue to favor silver, but technically, holding above $83.36 is critical to confirm the uptrend. As long as this level holds, silver’s path higher remains open for gradual gains.
Gold futures have entered a crucial expansion phase, with prices accelerating beyond key VC PMI levels on both daily and weekly charts, indicating momentum-driven growth rather than a mean-reversion scenario. The 15-minute /GC chart shows prices breaking through the VC PMI Daily Mean near $4,496 and pushing above the Sell 1 Daily level at $4,531, confirming robust upward price acceptance. Such moves typically happen when price action and timing converge, creating what traders call “escape velocity.”
According to the VC PMI framework, the market is currently trading near the upper probability band, approaching Sell 2 Daily around $4,561 and Sell 1 Weekly near $4,567, with Sell 2 Weekly projected at about $4,633. Historically, these levels mark significant zones of exhaustion or pause, where momentum traders tend to take profits and the risk of mean reversion rises. Although strong trends can push prices beyond these points, the odds favor increased volatility followed by consolidation once these upper bands are tested.
Time cycle analysis highlights the significance of the present period. The current advance is reaching a short-term cycle peak that aligns with the mid-January rhythm, typically linked to sharp intraday moves and heightened emotional trading. When price momentum accelerates into a cycle window while nearing VC PMI sell bands, markets often shift from trend continuation to sideways rotation. This doesn’t signal a major top but does indicate a high-risk zone for initiating new long positions, emphasizing the need for disciplined trade management.
From the Square of 9 perspective, the current price range corresponds with significant harmonic rotations stemming from previous major swing lows. The $4,560–$4,640 zone marks an important angular relationship where price, time, and geometric factors intersect. Such geometric convergence points often serve as critical decision areas, influencing whether the market pauses, pulls back to the VC PMI mean, or accelerates into a larger upward move.
In summary, gold maintains its bullish structure but is currently trading within a statistically and geometrically significant high zone. Traders are advised to focus on risk management, gradually take profits, and consider the likelihood of mean reversion around the VC PMI levels, while closely watching cycle developments to confirm whether the trend will continue.
Silver futures continue their strong upward momentum, trading near $79.80 after a significant rally that pushed prices well above the VC PMI (Variable Changing Price Momentum Indicator) average and into the upper resistance zone.
This pattern indicates the market has entered what we call escape-velocity behavior—where the trend’s acceleration temporarily outweighs short-term oscillators but still respects longer-term geometry and cycle pressures.
Looking at the VC PMI, the daily mean is holding steady around $76.02, providing dynamic support throughout the week. The market also successfully defended the Daily Buy 1 level at $73.38, confirming the strength of the current bullish setup.
Now, prices are approaching the Daily Sell 1 zone near $78.70, with the Daily Sell 2 resistance at $82.24 closely matching the previous swing high of $82.58. This overlap suggests a higher likelihood of short-term profit-taking or consolidation, rather than a reversal of the uptrend.
On the weekly VC PMI framework, silver stays solidly above the Weekly Buy 1 level at $73.70, with the Weekly VC PMI mean around $78.15, reinforcing that the prevailing trend is upward. However, the Weekly Sell 1 level at $83.78 and Weekly Sell 2 at $88.23 mark key resistance zones where momentum typically slows and volatility tends to increase.
From a time-cycle perspective, silver is currently trading within a compressed late-week cycle window, a phase where markets often pause, rotate, or experience slight retracements before the next move. Such pauses are common in strong trends and usually serve to reset momentum for continuation rather than signaling a reversal.
The present cycle alignment suggests an initial phase of range expansion, followed by consolidation, rather than signaling a trend exhaustion.
The Square of 9 geometry further supports this view. The $82–$83 area corresponds with a significant angular resistance band, while the $78–$76 range serves as a key rotational support zone. As long as prices stay above the VC PMI mean, the primary square rotation remains bullish, with higher-level targets pointing toward the mid-$80s in upcoming cycle windows.
In summary, silver maintains a strong bullish structure according to both the VC PMI and Square of 9 frameworks. Any short-term pauses or pullbacks should be seen as opportunities for mean reversion within the broader uptrend, rather than signs of trend reversal.
If economists were meteorologists, this week’s forecast would predict a data blizzard. However, clarity is expected to improve as markets receive highly anticipated reports on inflation, retail sales, and industrial production ahead of the Federal Reserve’s policy meeting on January 28.
Few economists expect Fed Chair Jerome Powell and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) to ease monetary policy again later this month—and neither do we. This week’s data could either confirm or challenge that view, starting with the December consumer price index report on Tuesday.
The Fed drama intensified last week after President Donald Trump instructed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to purchase $200 billion in mortgage bonds—an action typically undertaken by the Fed itself. Many saw this move as an attempt to restart quantitative easing. Meanwhile, Fed Governor Stephen Miran told Bloomberg he anticipates 150 basis points of rate cuts this year.
What’s still missing, however, is significantly lower inflation and a recession that would justify such aggressive easing. This week will also feature speeches from several Fed officials, which could provide insight into the central bank’s thinking. The lineup starts with New York Fed President John Williams on Monday, followed by Governors Miran (Wednesday), Michael Barr (Thursday), Michelle Bowman (Friday), and Vice Chair Philip Jefferson (Friday).
Here’s a rundown of this week’s key data releases likely to influence the timing and scale of any future Fed rate cuts:
Inflation
Since the 43-day government shutdown in October and November, investors have struggled to gauge inflation accurately. The 2.7% year-over-year CPI rise in November, a slight dip from October’s 3.0%, was met with caution, as the shutdown likely disrupted the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ data gathering.
This increases the importance of the upcoming CPI and PPI reports, which will be key indicators before the FOMC’s January 28 interest rate decision.
The upcoming CPI report on Tuesday is expected to show a modest easing in inflation, with the Cleveland Fed’s model forecasting a 0.2% monthly increase and 2.6% year-over-year growth. The November PPI report, due Wednesday, is considered less impactful, while import and export price data for November will be released on Thursday.
Retail sales
Retail sales (Wednesday) are expected to show a slight increase in November after remaining flat in October (see chart). Overall, we believe consumer spending remains resilient despite rising living costs and soft employment figures. Additional important demand indicators this week include December existing home sales (Wednesday) and mortgage applications for the week ending January 9 (Wednesday).
Jobless claims
We anticipate layoffs will stay minimal, which has been the key insight from recent initial unemployment claims data (Thursday) (see chart). While demand for labor may be slowing in certain sectors, the feared AI-driven collapse in the job market has not materialized yet.
Composite economic indicators & business surveys
The composite cyclical indicators for December, due Thursday, are expected to show the coincident index holding at a record high, while the (mis)leading index continues its decline. Additionally, given delays in official hard data, the National Federation of Independent Business’ Small Business Optimism Index for December (Tuesday) should provide valuable insights, following its rise to 99 in November. Later in the week, the Federal Reserve banks of New York and Philadelphia will release their January business surveys (Thursday).
Our preferred coincident indicator is the S&P 500 forward earnings per share, which has accelerated in recent weeks and hit record highs (see chart).
Gold has drawn buyers for the third consecutive day, supported by escalating geopolitical tensions that increase safe-haven demand.
Worries over the Federal Reserve’s independence are weighing on the US Dollar, providing additional support to the XAU/USD pair.
However, diminished expectations for further Fed rate cuts could limit gold’s upside ahead of important US inflation data.
Gold (XAU/USD) continues to trade with a bullish bias near record levels, holding just under the $4,600 mark reached earlier this week as investors seek safety amid persistent geopolitical tensions and concerns about the Federal Reserve’s independence. Escalating unrest in Iran and broader global risks have kept safe‑haven demand elevated, supporting bullion’s strong performance.
At the same time, worries over the U.S. central bank’s autonomy have weighed on the U.S. Dollar, encouraging flows into non‑yielding assets like gold. However, expectations that rate cuts may be less aggressive could temper upside momentum ahead of key U.S. inflation data due out this week.
Daily Market Movers: Gold Boosted by Safe-Haven Appeal and Softening USD
Following a significant U.S. operation in Venezuela earlier this month, President Donald Trump announced that Washington would oversee the country’s administration during a transitional period after Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro was captured — even posting an image on social media depicting himself as the “Acting President of Venezuela.”
Geopolitical risks remain elevated globally. Protests in Iran, which have resulted in hundreds of deaths, continue to unsettle markets, while the ongoing Russia–Ukraine conflict — including confirmed strikes on Russian oil infrastructure — adds further supply‑side pressure.
In Asia, rising tensions between China and Japan have intensified after Beijing restricted exports of rare earths and rare‑earth magnets in response to Tokyo’s recent political remarks. These developments have helped push gold toward fresh all‑time highs as investors seek safe‑haven assets.
On the monetary policy front, U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell has defended the central bank’s independence after threats of a criminal indictment linked to a Senate testimony, emphasizing that rate‑setting should be based on economic evidence rather than political pressure.
Recent U.S. jobs data showed a smaller‑than‑expected increase in nonfarm payrolls and a falling unemployment rate, which has tempered expectations for aggressive rate cuts by the Fed this year — a factor that has weighed on the U.S. dollar and supported flows into gold.
With no major U.S. economic data scheduled for Monday, markets are likely to remain sensitive to comments from Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) members, while this week’s U.S. inflation figures will be a key focus for traders.
Gold’s Technical Outlook Remains Bullish Despite Overbought RSI Signals
From a technical standpoint, gold’s recent rise over the past month has formed an upward-sloping channel, signaling a solid short-term uptrend that supports bullish momentum for XAU/USD. The price remains above the ascending 200-period Simple Moving Average (SMA), reinforcing the positive trend and providing dynamic support near the $4,320–$4,325 zone.
The MACD indicator shows the line staying above the Signal line in positive territory, with an expanding histogram indicating strengthening bullish momentum.
However, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) at 71.82 suggests overbought conditions, which could limit immediate upside and lead to some consolidation near the channel’s upper boundary.
Any pullback is likely to find support near the channel’s lower boundary around $4,365, with the rising 200 SMA further underpinning the overall bullish outlook. Maintaining momentum above these support levels would keep the upward trend intact, while a decisive break above the channel resistance could trigger a fresh rally toward higher levels.
WTI prices rise amid growing supply concerns linked to escalating unrest in Iran.
President Trump has warned Tehran against using force on protesters, while Iran has warned the U.S. and Israel against any intervention.
However, oil price gains may be capped due to anticipated resumption of Venezuelan exports and forecasts of a potential market oversupply.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude extended its gains for a third consecutive session, trading around $59.10 per barrel during Asian hours on Monday. The rise in oil prices is driven by growing supply concerns amid escalating protests in Iran. As OPEC’s fourth-largest producer, exporting nearly 2 million barrels per day, any conflict escalation poses a significant risk to global supply.
The unrest, now in its third week and having reportedly resulted in hundreds of casualties, has prompted Iranian authorities to signal a harsher crackdown. Meanwhile, U.S. President Donald Trump warned Tehran against using force on protesters and suggested possible intervention if the situation worsens, while Iranian officials cautioned against any U.S. or Israeli involvement.
Oil price gains may be restrained by expectations that Venezuelan crude exports could resume following political changes in the country, with the U.S. poised to receive or manage up to 50 million barrels of sanctioned oil under a new arrangement with interim authorities. This potential influx of supply has tempered some of the upside from geopolitical risk.
However, uncertainty remains over the timing and scale of Venezuelan shipments, as shifting U.S. policy and the logistics of restarting exports from dilapidated ports and vessels cloud the outlook for actual flows.
Meanwhile, traders are watching for possible supply disruptions from Russia amid ongoing Ukraine attacks on energy infrastructure and the prospect of tougher U.S. sanctions on Russian energy exports — factors that could add upward pressure on prices if they materially reduce output.
Oil prices remained mostly steady during Asian trading on Monday as investors balanced concerns over potential supply disruptions due to escalating unrest in Iran against the likelihood of more Venezuelan crude returning to the market.
As of 22:23 ET (03:23 GMT), March Brent crude futures rose slightly by 0.1% to $63.39 per barrel, while West Texas Intermediate (WTI) futures also increased by 0.1% to $59.15 per barrel. Both benchmarks had gained over 3% last week amid heightened geopolitical tensions.
Iran’s lethal protests raise fears of oil supply disruption
Markets have been closely monitoring Iran, a major oil producer in the Middle East, where widespread anti-government protests have escalated in recent days. According to rights organizations, over 500 people have died amid the unrest.
Iranian authorities have warned that U.S. military bases in the region would be targeted if Washington intervenes in support of the protesters. This threat has intensified concerns about a wider regional conflict that could disrupt oil shipments passing through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical artery for global energy supplies.
U.S. President Donald Trump adopted a tougher stance on Iran last week, declaring that the U.S. would not remain passive if Iranian forces continue harsh crackdowns on demonstrators.
“Iran, as the fourth-largest OPEC member, produces about 3.2 million barrels per day of crude oil, which represents a significant supply risk for the market,” ING analysts noted in a recent report.
Resumption of Venezuelan oil exports limits upside in oil prices
However, gains were limited by news from Venezuela, where U.S. officials indicated they might ease restrictions on the country’s oil sector. U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said additional sanctions could be lifted as early as next week to help facilitate the sale of Venezuelan crude and support oil exports.
President Donald Trump also revealed plans for Venezuela to turn over up to 30 – 50 million barrels of previously sanctioned oil to the United States.
Despite the prospects of renewed output, major oil companies are cautious about re-entering the Venezuelan market without substantial legal and political reforms. ExxonMobil has described the country as “uninvestable” without major changes, and analysts note that firms whose assets were nationalised previously may be reluctant to return without adequate compensation.
Ankur Banerjee provides a preview of the day ahead in European and global markets. Investors remain focused on the escalating conflict between U.S. President Donald Trump and Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, who is pushing back against attempts to exert political control over the Fed and its interest rate decisions.
Meanwhile, growing turmoil in Iran—where over 500 people have reportedly been killed, according to human rights groups—adds to the geopolitical uncertainties shaping market sentiment at the start of 2026, supporting demand for safe-haven assets.
Markets opened Monday with shocking news that the Trump administration had threatened to indict Powell over his Congressional testimony last summer concerning a Fed building renovation. Powell described this as a “pretext” aimed at increasing political influence over monetary policy.
“This issue centers on whether the Fed can continue setting interest rates based on data and economic realities, or if monetary policy will instead be shaped by political pressure and intimidation,” Powell stated.
The initial market reaction saw the dollar weaken and stock futures decline, although the impact on interest rate policy remains unclear. Gold prices surged past $4,600 per ounce as investors sought refuge.
Despite the unsettling news, market responses were measured, with no signs of panic selling as investors await further clarity on the Fed’s independence and the future path of interest rates.
WASHINGTON, DC – DECEMBER 13: U.S. Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell speaks during a news conference at the headquarters of the Federal Reserve on December 13, 2023 in Washington, DC. The Federal Reserve announced today that interest rates will remain unchanged. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)
Markets may now generally anticipate that the Federal Reserve will yield to Trump’s influence and ease interest rates freely once a new Fed chair takes over after Powell’s term ends in May. Futures pricing currently reflects expectations of two rate cuts this year.
With Japanese markets closed on Monday, no cash trading occurred in Treasuries during Asian hours. Attention will shift to the Treasury market when London trading begins.
Key events that could impact markets on Monday include: Germany’s November current account balance and the euro zone Sentix investor confidence index for January.
Tehran has declared it will attack Israel and U.S. military bases in the region if Washington intervenes militarily to support protesters in Iran.
Speaking before the Iranian Parliament today, Speaker Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf accused the U.S. and Israel of “supporting recent riots and causing unrest” across Iran. He warned that Israel and U.S. military bases in the region would be considered “legitimate targets” if the U.S. launches any attacks against Iran.
According to Reuters, Israeli authorities are currently on high alert due to the possibility of U.S. intervention to back the protest movement in Iran.
The New York Times quoted knowledgeable U.S. officials saying that in recent days, President Donald Trump has received reports on potential military interventions in Iran as he considers acting on his threats to attack the country over accusations of “suppressing protesters.”
While Trump has not made a final decision, officials indicate he is seriously weighing the possibility of launching strikes in response to Iran’s crackdown on demonstrations. Various options have been presented to the president, including attacks on non-military sites in Tehran.
According to sources, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio spoke by phone with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on January 10 to discuss the protests in Iran, the situation in Syria, and the peace agreement in Gaza. Earlier that day, Rubio posted on social media expressing U.S. support for “the brave people of Iran.”
When asked about the New York Times report, the White House referred to President Trump’s recent public statements and social media posts.
“Perhaps Iran is closer to freedom than ever before. America is ready to help,” Trump wrote on social media on January 10.
The day before, he warned of “very strong” retaliation if Iran causes protester deaths as in previous incidents. He noted the demonstrators in Iran face “extreme danger” and said the U.S. will closely monitor developments.
“Iran better not start shooting because if they do, we will shoot back,” Trump said, but emphasized this did not mean American troops would directly deploy to Iran.
The protests, which began on December 28, 2025, sparked by small traders upset over the economic situation and the falling rial, have spread in Tehran and other cities in recent days. Iranian officials accuse “terrorist agents” from Israel and the U.S. of inciting the protests and escalating violence, claims denied by the U.S. State Department, which says Tehran is “distracting attention from internal problems.”
International organizations citing local sources report that the Iranian government has blocked nationwide information flow, cut Internet access, and limited international communications, making it difficult to assess the full scope of the protests. Some human rights groups abroad report over 100 protesters have died and more than 2,000 have been arrested since late December 2025.
Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei declared that the government will not back down before the protests, claiming that the past two weeks of unrest are caused by agitators aiming to please the U.S. leadership. He mocked Trump’s intervention warnings, urging the U.S. president to focus on domestic issues.
Iranian Judiciary Chief Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei warned of “severe, maximum, and merciless” punishment for rioters, while the intelligence branch of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) vowed not to allow the protests to continue.
Reflecting on the start of this century, the first striking observation is our national shortsightedness. After surviving Y2K and the dot-com crash in 2000, our leaders assumed the path ahead would be smooth sailing from year one onward.
However, reality proved otherwise, beginning with a series of black swan events, notably the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11. While such events are inherently unpredictable, it’s remarkable that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) economists confidently forecasted in 2001 a future of continuous budget surpluses, anticipating the complete elimination of national debt by 2011.
For reasons unknown, the CBO issues 10-year federal spending and revenue projections, despite having no solid factual or practical foundation to accurately forecast beyond a year or two—akin to trying to predict the weather a year in advance.
The January 2001 CBO report highlights this myopia. Their projections simply extended current trends indefinitely without grounding in reality. Under this unrealistic mandate, the CBO projected a cumulative surplus of $5.6 trillion for 2002–2011.
In reality, deficits over that decade totaled $6.1 trillion—a swing of $11.7 trillion. It would have been much simpler to just flip a plus sign to a minus. The projections failed to account for the soaring costs of Bush’s “War on Terror” post-9/11, which led to prolonged wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the bursting of the real estate bubble, and massive TARP bailouts to rescue large banks.
In short, this is a summary of CBO’s flawed foresight:
The first takeaway from this bleak forecast is that the CBO economists assumed deficits would increase in a smooth, predictable fashion—almost as if they were drawing a straight line with minor fluctuations, rather than reflecting the unpredictable realities of economic growth.
A second point is that the 2003 Bush tax cuts were not the main driver of the deficits. In fact, annual deficits dropped significantly—from $413 billion in fiscal year 2004 (which began October 1, 2003) to just $161 billion in fiscal year 2007. This means the deficit shrank by more than half during the four years following the tax cuts and before the 2007 real estate crash.
While much of this now feels like distant history, the ongoing wars and the Federal Reserve’s drastic response to the 2008 financial crisis—keeping interest rates near zero for eight years, essentially through the entire Obama administration—contributed to massive deficits that have persisted through to today, especially in the five years following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since 2001, U.S. federal deficits have averaged about $1 billion annually, but that figure has surged to over $2 trillion per year since 2020, according to the U.S. Treasury.
Today, the total federal deficit stands at $38 trillion, which amounts to roughly $110,000 owed per American—far from the anticipated surpluses once projected.
Following a Challenging 2000–2009, Markets Surged in the First Quarter
What about the markets? After nearly a “lost decade” lasting nine years from March 2000 to March 2009, all major market indexes have experienced remarkable growth—particularly gold relative to the U.S. dollar.
By March 9, 2009, three of the four major indexes—the S&P 500, NASDAQ, and Russell 2000—had fallen by 50% since the decade began (while the Dow was down 40%), but they bounced back strongly from 2009 through 2025:
Over the same 25-year period, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 83%, which means the real market gains were somewhat diminished.
The U.S. dollar performed even worse, losing about 10% in value overall (and 8% against the euro), while gold and silver surged more than 15 times in value:
The first-quarter returns were decent, but the strong performance of gold and silver signals that the dollar—and the CBO’s deficit forecasts—cannot be relied on in the long run. In fact, President Trump has set a goal for 2026 to deliberately weaken the dollar against the Chinese yuan to “help” exporters boost overseas sales. Much of the talk about the dominance of the “King Dollar” is just rhetoric. In reality, many politicians aim to devalue their currencies to encourage trade, turning paper money into a “race to the bottom,” while gold quietly holds its value, watching from the sidelines.
This brings us to the 2025 summary—a major victory for precious metals as the dollar dropped by 10%.
2025 Brought Massive Gains for Precious Metals
The year 2025 exemplified the key trends seen over the past 25 years—while the stock market continued to climb, gold and silver surged even faster. Although inflation is easing, gold today serves less as an inflation hedge and more as a safeguard against crises, a hedge against the dollar, and increasingly, a hedge against cryptocurrency volatility.
In 2025, the U.S. Dollar Index (DXY) dropped by 10%, allowing major global currencies to gain between 5% and 15%. Meanwhile, the poorest-performing investments of 2025 brought good news for consumers through lower food and energy prices:
So, if 2026 mirrors the gains of 2025, it will surely be a rewarding year for most investors.
Gold has recovered most of the losses it experienced during a steep decline in late October, climbing back to record levels by the end of December.
The precious metal hit a new all-time peak on December 29, marking its best year since 1979 with a 64% rise in 2025 and an increase of nearly 140% since early 2023.
“Gold hit new record highs in late December, fueled by demand for tangible assets amid a weak US dollar, geopolitical tensions, uncertainty among institutions, and low seasonal liquidity,” UBS strategists led by Giovanni Staunovo stated in a report.
Despite the magnitude of the recent rally, UBS maintains that the fundamental conditions continue to support further gains in gold for 2026. The strategists highlight a significant drop in U.S. real interest rates, which they describe as “the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding assets like gold,” currently at its lowest point since mid-2023.
Additionally, demand from both investors and central banks remains close to record levels, while ongoing concerns about rising government debt in advanced economies continue to boost gold’s appeal as a store of value. These factors collectively support expectations for new record highs next year.
“Our outlook for gold remains positive,” the strategists stated, having recently increased their gold price target for March 2026 to $5,000 per ounce.
“We believe gold’s function as a diversifier and hedge remains strong. For investors who favor this asset class, we recommend a mid-single-digit allocation to gold within a diversified portfolio,” they added.
Recent geopolitical developments have strengthened gold’s reputation as a safe-haven asset. UBS pointed out the unexpected U.S. military capture of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro last weekend, which caused widespread market reactions.
The bank also notes that ongoing structural demand trends continue to support gold. UBS strategists anticipate central bank gold purchases will total between 900 and 950 metric tons in 2025, just shy of the previous year’s record.
They project total global gold demand to reach approximately 4,850 metric tons, which would be the highest since 2011.
In addition, UBS highlights the sharp increase in government debt among advanced economies, expected to hit around 110% of GDP this year—up from about 75% twenty years ago—and forecasted to rise to about 118% by the decade’s end, according to the International Monetary Fund.
Separately, HSBC commodity strategists predict gold prices could reach $5,000 as early as the first half of 2026.
“We expect prices to trade at or near $5,000 per ounce in the first half of 2026. However, it is possible that the rally may lose momentum as the year progresses,” strategist James Steel wrote in a note.
TASIILAQ, GREENLAND — For decades, oil executives have eyed the Arctic as a potential source for vast petroleum reserves. U.S. government studies estimate that the region north of the Arctic Circle may contain up to 90 billion barrels of oil and nearly 1,700 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
The amount of oil alone could meet global demand for almost three years if all other drilling activities worldwide stopped immediately.
At the heart of these ambitions lies Greenland, where some of the planet’s most extreme conditions safeguard vast reserves that have attracted prospectors hoping to find another giant oil field like Alaska’s Prudhoe Bay.
One company, March GL—set to be renamed Greenland Energy Company upon going public this year—is aiming to become a major player in the industry by tapping into billions of barrels of oil located on Jameson Land, a peninsula on Greenland’s eastern coast. This oil has the potential to significantly impact U.S. and European markets by introducing a large new supply, which could help reduce Europe’s reliance on Russian oil, currently constrained by strict sanctions due to the ongoing war in Ukraine.
In late October, Yahoo Finance joined March GL CEO and experienced oilman Robert Price, along with the company’s lead petroleum engineer, in the town of Tasiilaq on Greenland’s eastern coast. There, March GL’s contractors were preparing to store a range of heavy machinery for the winter season.
Price had planned to transport the earthmoving equipment by barge to Jameson Land, where the company intends to build a three-mile road from the coast to its inland drilling site for the initial wells. However, rough seas along the island’s eastern coast prevented the tugboat assigned to move the equipment from making the trip. By late autumn, the ice-free window for such a journey was closing too fast to wait for a replacement vessel.
As a result, March GL’s team will keep much of the machinery in Tasiilaq until spring or summer, when thawing ice will allow movement. This delay underscores the challenging and unpredictable operating conditions in Greenland.
Since that trip, the challenges around Price’s ambitions in Greenland have only grown more complex.
After Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro was captured and removed from power in early January, President Trump intensified his focus on Greenland. At a Jan. 4 press briefing, Trump said the United States “needs Greenland” to secure its national security interests in the Arctic, drawing strong criticism from both the Greenlandic and Danish governments.
At a White House meeting with more than a dozen major oil executives, Trump insisted that owning Greenland would be essential for defense, saying that defending leased territory is not the same as defending territory the U.S. owns. He added that the U.S. would take action on Greenland “whether they like it or not.”
In a Jan. 6 briefing to Congress, Secretary of State Marco Rubio confirmed that the U.S. was actively pursuing the option of purchasing Greenland from Denmark, and Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry—who Trump named as a special envoy to Greenland—said he intends to work toward making the territory part of the United States.
These moves have heightened diplomatic tensions, with Greenland’s leaders and Denmark pushing back against U.S. efforts and stressing that the island’s future should be decided by its people and legal processes.
Meanwhile, China and Russia have been expanding their military and maritime activities across the Arctic, putting pressure on the U.S. and Europe to boost their own defense readiness and elevating Greenland’s strategic importance. In January, a subsidiary of Russia’s state nuclear corporation shared a video on Telegram showing an icebreaker navigating the “Northern Sea Route,” which passes near Greenland and offers a significantly faster shipping route between Europe and Asia compared to the Suez Canal.
If March GL succeeds, Price’s company could establish a significant American energy foothold in the High North at a time when territorial control has become a top priority for the White House. That, however, was not originally part of Price’s plan.
Oil companies seeking to take part in newly approved exports of Venezuelan crude to the United States after the removal of President Nicolás Maduro are holding urgent talks to secure tankers and organize operations to safely transfer oil from ships and deteriorating Venezuelan ports, according to four sources familiar with the matter.
Trading firms and energy companies such as Chevron, Vitol, and Trafigura are vying for U.S. government contracts to export Venezuelan crude, the sources said, after President Donald Trump announced that Venezuela could deliver up to 50 million barrels of previously sanctioned oil to the United States.
Trafigura told the White House in a meeting on Friday that its first vessel is expected to load within the coming week.
After months under a U.S. blockade, Venezuela has been storing crude aboard tankers and has nearly exhausted its onshore storage capacity. Many of these vessels are aging, poorly maintained, and subject to sanctions. Due to insurance and liability restrictions, other ships cannot directly interact with sanctioned tankers—even if U.S. licenses are granted—sources added.
Onshore storage facilities have also suffered years of neglect, creating additional risks for companies attempting to load the oil.
Shipping firms including Maersk Tankers and American Eagle Tankers are among those seeking to expand ship-to-ship transfer operations in Venezuela, according to three of the sources.
According to one source, Maersk Tankers could reuse the ship-to-shore-to-ship logistics model it previously employed in Venezuela’s Amuay Bay. The company already operates in nearby Aruba and Curaçao, whose waters are frequently used for transferring Venezuelan oil. However, while such transfers are feasible in Aruba and at U.S. ports, they come at a higher cost.
In a statement, Maersk said its presence in Venezuela remains limited, with only 17 employees in the country. The company confirmed that all staff are safe and accounted for, and that there have been no changes to its ocean services. Operations are continuing with only minor delays, and the situation is being closely monitored.
Another shipping source noted that transfer operations will be further complicated by a shortage of smaller vessels needed to move oil from storage tankers to piers, where it can then be transferred to other ships, as well as by poorly maintained machinery and equipment.
American Eagle Tankers (AET), which already facilitates Chevron’s shipments of Venezuelan crude to the United States, is being contacted by potential customers seeking to expand its capacity in the region, two sources said.
Neither AET nor Chevron immediately responded to requests for comment.
Sources added that while exports could potentially return to the roughly 500,000 barrels per day that Venezuela shipped to the United States before sanctions—allowing stockpiles to be drawn down within 90 to 120 days—reaching that level will be difficult if crude must be sourced from both offshore tankers and onshore storage facilities.
Companies are also fiercely competing for loading slots at Venezuela’s main Jose oil terminal, where both capacity and operating speed are constrained. Chevron, a major joint-venture partner in the country, is working aggressively to maintain its preferential access to Venezuelan terminals while preparing its vessel fleet, according to one source.
Meanwhile, oil firms including Chevron, Vitol, and Trafigura are already securing supplies of much-needed naphtha, a Venezuelan industry source said. Naphtha is commonly blended with heavy Venezuelan crude to reduce its density, making it easier to transport and refine.
U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced that Australia and several other countries would participate in a meeting of finance ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) advanced economies, which he is hosting in Washington on Monday to address critical minerals.
Bessent mentioned that he has been advocating for this dedicated meeting on critical minerals since the G7 leaders’ summit last summer, and the finance ministers previously held a virtual session on the topic in December.
India was also invited to attend the meeting, Bessent told Reuters during a visit to Winnebago Industries’ engineering lab near Minneapolis, though he was uncertain if India had accepted the invitation.
It is not yet clear which other countries have been invited.
The G7 consists of the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, and the European Union. Many members heavily rely on China for rare earth minerals. In June, the group agreed on a plan to secure supply chains and strengthen their economies.
In October, Australia signed an agreement with the U.S. to challenge China’s dominance in critical minerals, involving an $8.5 billion project pipeline and Australia’s proposed strategic reserve. This reserve will provide essential metals such as rare earths and lithium, which are vulnerable to supply disruptions.
Following this, Canberra reported interest from Europe, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore.
China currently dominates the critical minerals supply chain, refining between 47% and 87% of copper, lithium, cobalt, graphite, and rare earths, according to the International Energy Agency. These minerals are essential for defense technology, semiconductors, renewable energy components, batteries, and refining operations.
In recent years, Western countries have aimed to lessen their reliance on China’s critical minerals due to China’s implementation of stringent export restrictions on rare earth elements.
Monday’s meeting follows reports that China recently started limiting rare earth exports and powerful magnets to Japanese companies, and also banned the export of dual-use goods to the Japanese military.
Bessent noted that China continues to honor its commitments to buy U.S. soybeans and supply critical minerals to American companies.Monday’s meeting follows reports that China recently started limiting rare earth exports and powerful magnets to Japanese companies, and also banned the export of dual-use goods to the Japanese military.
Bessent noted that China continues to honor its commitments to buy U.S. soybeans and supply critical minerals to American companies.
Yes, scams exist in every market, including traditional ones. This happens because scammers see opportunities to make illegal money by exploiting market demand.
What scamming cases are common in this market?
Case 1: Following a signal provider’s instructions to open large positions with a small account, resulting in quick losses.
Case 2: Leading investors to invest in assets that are not available or do not exist in the market.
Case 3: Convincing people to deposit funds with a broker or financial institution that lacks a financial services license.
Case 4: Forging company’s financial documents and records to deceive investors.
How to avoid scam in this market?
Suggestion 1: Verify the financial service license of the broker or financial institution.
Suggestion 2: Verify the educational background of the signal provider.
Suggestion 3: Verify which company provides the asset and confirm its legal business activities.
What knowledge is needed to speculate (trade) or invest in the financial market?
Once you have a foundation, the knowledge you need to focus on is fundamental and technical analysis to trade or invest effectively.
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Gold held steady as traders balanced a stronger dollar with upcoming U.S. economic data on Friday that could influence this year’s interest rate policy.
Gold hovered around $4,465 an ounce, up 3.4% for the week through Thursday, but faced some selling pressure after U.S. initial jobless claims for the week ending January 3 came in slightly below expectations. Meanwhile, the Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index, which measures the strength of the U.S. dollar, has risen 0.5% so far this year, making gold more costly for many buyers.
The December jobs report due Friday is expected to provide insight into whether the Federal Reserve will pursue additional interest rate cuts following three consecutive reductions in 2025. While nonfarm payrolls are forecasted to show stronger job growth, the unemployment rate is expected to remain steady—mixed signals that may reduce the likelihood of the Fed accelerating further rate cuts.
Gold just completed its strongest annual gain since 1979, surging about 65% last year and hitting a record high of $4,549.92 in late December. The powerful rally was driven by central bank purchases and increased investment in exchange-traded funds, fueled by the “debasement trade.” Additionally, lower borrowing costs—beneficial for non-yielding assets like gold—have further propelled its rise.
Traders are closely monitoring the upcoming selection of a new Federal Reserve chair. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent indicated that President Donald Trump is expected to make a decision this month regarding Jerome Powell’s successor, as Powell’s term concludes in May. According to Bessent, four candidates are currently being considered.
Oil prices advanced during Asian trading on Friday, extending the previous session’s rebound as investors focused on possible supply disruptions in Russia and Iran amid geopolitical risks.
At the same time, fears of an immediate rise in Venezuelan oil output subsided after the U.S. Senate approved a measure requiring congressional authorization for further military action by President Trump.
Analysts said oil production in the country is unlikely to increase sharply in the near term, even with U.S. intervention.
Brent crude futures for March rose 0.7% to $62.44 a barrel, while WTI futures gained 0.7% to $58.03 by 21:04 ET (02:04 GMT). Both benchmarks rebounded to levels seen before last week’s U.S. military action in Venezuela after posting more than 4% gains on Thursday.
Oil prices were supported by positive inflation data from China, the world’s top oil importer, signaling a tentative economic recovery. However, gains were limited as traders remained cautious ahead of key U.S. nonfarm payrolls data that could affect interest rate expectations.
Markets focus on potential supply disruptions in Russia and Iran
Concerns about possible supply disruptions in Russia and the Middle East lent support to oil prices this week.
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine showed little sign of resolution, with ongoing military actions. A drone strike on a tanker headed to Russia in the Black Sea heightened fears of further interruptions to Russian crude supplies.
Compounding these concerns, reports indicated that U.S. President Donald Trump plans to endorse a bipartisan bill imposing even tougher restrictions on countries trading with Russia, aiming to increase pressure on Moscow to seek a ceasefire.
Meanwhile, Iraq’s government approved a move to nationalize operations at the West Qurna 2 oilfield—one of the world’s largest—in an effort to avoid supply disruptions stemming from U.S. sanctions on Russia.
In Iran, escalating nationwide anti-government protests have raised worries about potential impacts on oil production. The government responded with a countrywide internet blackout as demonstrations spread across major cities protesting the Nezam regime.
Market concerns over Venezuelan oil supply ease
Oil prices benefited from easing worries that a U.S. intervention in Venezuela would lead to a significant near-term surge in global crude supply.
Earlier this week, Trump stated that Caracas could deliver up to $3 billion worth of oil to the U.S. and indicated plans for long-term U.S. influence over the country.
However, Congress has advanced legislation that may restrict U.S. military involvement in Venezuela.
Many analysts noted that while U.S. involvement could eventually help boost Venezuelan oil production, persistent political turmoil and deteriorated infrastructure make any near‑term surge in output unlikely.
Oil prices initially plunged after the U.S. detained Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and signaled control over the country’s oil industry, but prices had fully recovered by Friday as markets judged immediate changes to supply to be limited.
Still, crude prices were experiencing their steepest annual decline in five years in 2025, weighed down by concerns over a widening supply glut and sluggish demand growth—an outlook echoed by major global institutions forecasting continued oversupply into 2026.
Oil prices weakened yesterday after President Trump said Venezuela would supply large volumes of sanctioned crude to the United States.
Energy
Developments in Venezuela remain in the spotlight, adding further downside pressure to oil prices. President Trump said Venezuela is prepared to sell up to 50 million barrels of sanctioned crude to the United States, a move that could also immediately weigh on Canadian crude exports to the U.S.
Such a deal would effectively open a release channel for Venezuelan oil, which has struggled to reach global markets due to a U.S. blockade on sanctioned tankers entering and leaving the country. Redirecting these barrels to the U.S. could ease storage constraints and reduce the need for Venezuela to curb production.
The U.S. Department of Energy confirmed that Venezuelan crude is already being marketed internationally, while Trump’s energy secretary stated that Washington intends to maintain long-term control over future Venezuelan oil sales. This strategy is reinforced by the continued tanker blockade, with two additional vessels reportedly seized yesterday.
Washington’s growing influence over Venezuela’s oil sector also raises uncertainty about the country’s future role within OPEC.
Meanwhile, Energy Information Administration (EIA) data showed U.S. crude inventories fell by 3.83 million barrels last week, the sharpest draw since late October. However, product balances were more bearish, as gasoline stocks rose by 7.7 million barrels and distillate inventories increased by 5.6 million barrels.
These inventory builds point to refinery utilization remaining firm, while implied demand for both products softened somewhat over the past week.
European gas prices moved higher yesterday, with TTF closing more than 2.5% up on the day. Colder conditions across parts of Europe, along with forecasts for below-average temperatures in the days ahead, are supporting the market. The current cold spell has also accelerated storage drawdowns, with EU gas inventories now at 58% of capacity, compared with a five-year average of 72%.
The latest positioning data show that investment funds cut their net short exposure in TTF for a third straight week. Funds purchased 6.2 TWh during the latest reporting period, reducing their net short position to 72.4 TWh.
The ISM service index suggests potential positive revisions for fourth-quarter GDP growth. On Wednesday, the Institute for Supply Management (ISM) reported that its non-manufacturing service sector index increased to 54.4 in December from 52.6 in November, marking the third consecutive month of expansion and the fastest pace of growth in over a year.
The new orders sub-index rose sharply to 57.9 from 52.9, while business activity climbed to 56 from 54.5. Additionally, new export orders improved to 54.2, up from 48.7 in November. Out of 16 surveyed service industries, 11 showed expansion in December.
Conversely, the ISM manufacturing index fell to 47.9 in December from 48.2 the prior month, continuing its contractionary trend for the tenth straight month (a reading below 50 indicates contraction). Only 2 of 17 manufacturing industries—Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components, and Computer & Electronic Products—reported growth, likely supported by strong data center demand.
ADP’s December report showed private payrolls increasing by 41,000, missing economists’ expectation of 48,000. This follows a loss of 29,000 private jobs in November, meaning just 12,000 private jobs were created over the last two months. Manufacturing shed 5,000 jobs in December, while education and health services added 39,000, and leisure and hospitality gained 24,000 jobs. Regionally, the West lost 61,000 private sector jobs, while the South led with a gain of 54,000.
Residential investment acted as a 5.1% drag on GDP growth during the second and third quarters. Strengthening GDP going forward will depend largely on stabilizing the residential real estate market, which remains sluggish due to high mortgage rates, rising insurance costs, and an oversupply in several key areas. According to the Intercontinental Exchange, prices for U.S. condominiums dropped 1.9% in September and October, with high homeowners association (HOA) fees and insurance expenses cited as major factors. In nine major metropolitan regions, over 25% of condominiums have fallen below their original sale prices. While multiple Federal Reserve rate cuts could help support home prices, the current weakness is fueling deflationary concerns that the Fed needs to address.
If deflation emerges from (1) weak housing and rental prices, (2) low crude oil prices, and (3) deflation imported from China and other struggling global economies, the Fed may need to implement rapid interest rate cuts totaling around 100 basis points. With President Trump expected to nominate a new Fed Chair soon, current Chair Jerome Powell is likely to become a lame duck. Minutes from the December Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting indicated at least one more 0.25% rate cut is probable, but any further deflationary signals could prompt the Fed to enact much larger reductions in key rates in the coming months.
President Trump is expected to nominate a new Federal Reserve Chair in January who will likely reverse the Fed’s current restrictive policies and adopt a more pro-business stance. Should Kevin Hassett, the current Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors, be appointed, the Fed would gain a strong economic advocate, a development that many find promising and exciting.
Oil prices climbed during Asian trading on Thursday, regaining some losses after sharp declines triggered by worries over rising Venezuelan crude supplies.
Additionally, stronger-than-anticipated weekly declines in U.S. oil inventories supported the price recovery. Ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine also contributed to maintaining a risk premium in the market.
March Brent crude futures increased by 0.7% to reach $60.38 per barrel, while West Texas Intermediate (WTI) futures also gained 0.7%, settling at $56.28 per barrel as of 20:25 ET (01:25 GMT). Both benchmarks had fallen more than 1% over the previous two sessions.
Attention turns to US – Venezuela oil agreement after Trump highlights up to $3 billion in planned crude sales
Oil markets are closely watching the impact of a new agreement between the U.S. and Venezuela on global oil supplies.
U.S. President Donald Trump announced on Tuesday that Venezuela will deliver between 30 million and 50 million barrels of oil to the U.S., valued at up to $3 billion, shortly after U.S. forces detained Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro.
Trump also appeared to encourage multiple U.S. oil companies to expand production activities in Venezuela, with Chevron Corp (NYSE: CVX) leading these efforts. According to Reuters, Chevron is negotiating to broaden its license to operate in the country.
Currently, Chevron is the only major U.S. oil company active in Venezuela, benefiting from special government exemptions that shield it from stringent sanctions imposed on the nation.
Markets are worried that a significant rise in Venezuelan oil output could further swell global supplies, adding to prevailing fears of an oil glut in 2026. Traders are already pricing in ample supply conditions, with expectations that any additional barrels from Venezuela might weigh on crude prices.
However, analysts caution that any meaningful increase in Venezuelan production is unlikely to happen quickly, given the country’s deep political instability and the extensive investment needed to rebuild its dilapidated oil infrastructure after recent upheavals.
A Financial Times report also noted that U.S. oil firms are seeking strong legal and financial guarantees from the U.S. government before committing to major investments in Venezuela’s oil sector, reflecting industry hesitancy amid uncertain policy and market conditions.
U.S. crude stockpiles decline beyond forecasts
Government data released Wednesday revealed that U.S. oil inventories fell by 3.8 million barrels in the week ending January 2, significantly exceeding expectations of a 1.2 million barrel decline.
This reduction was almost double the 1.9 million barrel draw reported the previous week, bolstering confidence that demand remains robust in the world’s largest fuel consumer.
Attention this week centers on several key U.S. economic reports, especially the December nonfarm payrolls data set to be released on Friday, which is expected to influence interest rate forecasts.
Expect a wave of higher gold-price forecasts to dominate headlines in the near future, while the metal continues to rebuild positions along the way. Not because strategists have suddenly become bullish, but because the market itself is forcing a reassessment. Price action has led. Positioning is simply following the trend. Conviction, as always, comes last.
Gold did not merely break through $4,500. It paused, consolidated, and is now poised to resume its advance once the current round of technically driven profit-taking fades. This has never been a momentum-driven rally. Instead, it has unfolded through a steady sequence of advances, orderly consolidations, and renewed accumulation.
Each pullback has drawn in fresh buyers rather than triggering forced liquidation—an unmistakable feature of a durable trend. Viewed through that lens, $4,800 appears less like an ambitious bank upgrade and more like the next logical level of support. $5,000 is no longer a distant target; it is increasingly taking on a structural character.
The primary force behind this move is monetary gravity. As the Federal Reserve progresses further into its easing cycle, the traditional opportunity-cost argument against holding gold continues to weaken. Gold does not require aggressive rate cuts—it only needs persistent uncertainty around real returns. When policy becomes conditional and forward guidance loses clarity, gold becomes a place where capital waits rather than withdraws.
The White House–backed shift toward more dovish Fed leadership is therefore important, not for political reasons but for its mechanical implications. Questioning central bank independence may be the most underpriced risk in the gold market today, and markets will adjust accordingly. They trade anticipated reaction functions, not individual personalities.
A clearer shift toward policy accommodation is reshaping expectations about both the depth and duration of easing. That adjustment filters through real yields, term premia, and currency assumptions—and gold tends to react well before these changes are fully reflected in interest-rate markets.
The second force is structural demand, which is where the rebuilding becomes self-reinforcing. For the first time since the mid-1990s, gold has surpassed U.S. Treasuries as a share of global central-bank reserves. This is not cyclical accumulation; it is balance-sheet reallocation. Reserve managers are reducing concentration risk in a system that feels increasingly politicized and less predictable. Demand of this kind does not fade on pullbacks—it intensifies.
ETF flows and private capital then follow, adding exposure gradually rather than chasing price surges.
Geopolitics provides the backdrop rather than the trigger. Venezuela is not the catalyst—it is the reminder. Energy security, trade frictions, and political alignment are no longer episodic shocks; they are enduring conditions. Gold performs well in such an environment because it does not require crisis to justify ownership. It thrives on the steady build-up of uncertainty, encouraging investors to maintain positions and rebuild as volatility subsides.
The U.S. dollar completes the feedback loop. Its near double-digit decline over the past year reflects more than a typical cycle; it points to a subtle reassessment of dollar primacy. Capital is no longer assuming permanence. Gold naturally absorbs that hesitation, functioning less as an inflation hedge and more as balance-sheet insurance. Dollar strength tends to stall gold; dollar weakness reignites it. The cadence itself invites repeated re-entry.
What lends credibility to this cycle is that gold is not moving in isolation. Silver has already repriced on the back of genuine supply constraints layered onto sustained industrial demand. Copper, now at record levels, is not a product of speculative excess—it reflects the physical market asserting itself. Aluminum and nickel echo the same signal more quietly. Together, they point to a broader shift across metals, with gold at the core.
In simple terms, gold is likely to keep rebuilding positions throughout the year because the market structure supports it. Rallies are absorbed rather than rejected. Pullbacks are met with demand, not fear. Analysts will continue to raise their targets because price action is already pulling them in that direction.
$5,000 is not an audacious forecast. It represents the market sketching out a new equilibrium—and repeatedly inviting capital to re-enter, one rebuilt position at a time.
After months of rising tensions, the United States launched a major military operation in Venezuela on 3 January 2026, resulting in the capture of President Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores. U.S. President Donald Trump confirmed the operation, saying Washington would administer Venezuela until a stable transition government could be established. This marks one of the most dramatic U.S. interventions in Latin America in decades, with Maduro removed from power and taken into U.S. custody.
Maduro, long a focal point of U.S. sanctions and foreign policy pressure, was transported to the United States to face federal charges—such as narco‑terrorism and drug trafficking—filed in the Southern District of New York.
Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves, and the sudden change in leadership carries significant geopolitical and economic implications well beyond its borders.
Why Did the US Capture Maduro?
Nicolás Maduro rose through the Venezuelan political system under socialist leader Hugo Chávez and became president in 2013. His time in power was widely criticized domestically and internationally, with opponents accusing him of suppressing dissent, restricting freedoms, and holding elections that lacked credibility.
Relations with Washington deteriorated sharply, especially under the Trump administration. U.S. officials accused Maduro’s government of involvement in drug trafficking and creating conditions that fueled migration toward the United States. They also branded elements of his regime—including the Cartel of the Suns—as a terrorist organization.
Tensions escalated in 2025 when the U.S. increased the bounty for Maduro’s arrest to $50 million and expanded military pressure in the region, including strikes on vessels the U.S. claimed were tied to drug smuggling.
On 3 January 2026, after months of military buildup and diplomatic pressure, U.S. forces launched a major operation in Venezuela—code‑named Operation Absolute Resolve—that resulted in the capture of Maduro and his wife. The U.S. government framed the intervention as a law‑enforcement action tied to longstanding criminal charges against Maduro, including narcoterrorism.
The United States claims that Venezuelan officials were engaged in government‑backed drug trafficking, asserting links with the so‑called Cartel of the Suns, which Washington has designated as a terrorist organization—a claim Maduro vehemently rejects. He argues that U.S. actions were aimed at forcing regime change and securing control over Venezuela’s vast oil riches.
Only hours before his detention, Maduro made his final public appearance as president when he hosted China’s special envoy, Qiu Xiaoqi, at the Miraflores Palace to discuss bilateral relations—an event that highlighted Caracas’s reliance on foreign partnerships for political support. Shortly after that meeting, explosions were reported across Caracas.
The event went beyond a simple arrest; it sent a broader strategic message, particularly to countries like China and Iran, undermining the belief that the U.S. would refrain from acting against governments supported by foreign adversaries.
Drill, Baby, Drill
A major strategic factor behind U.S. actions in Venezuela appears to be securing access to its vast energy resources. Venezuela sits on the largest proven oil reserves on the planet, with estimates from Wood Mackenzie suggesting roughly 241 billion barrels of recoverable crude, making it a uniquely significant player in global oil markets.
Top Countries by Proven Oil Reserves (Billion Barrels)
However, Venezuela’s track record of oil output underscores just how challenging it has been to tap into its vast reserves. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the nation was capable of producing close to 3 million barrels per day—a level that made it one of the world’s top crude exporters. But political turmoil, labor strikes, and the restructuring of the oil sector under Hugo Chávez triggered a prolonged decline. The downturn was steepened further by U.S. sanctions starting in 2017, which restricted investment, technology, and exports, driving production down sharply. After bottoming out around 374,000–500,000 bpd during the worst of the crisis, output has only modestly recovered in recent years and remains in the range of approximately 800,000–900,000 bpd.
Historical Total Venezuelan Supply
Expectations that Venezuelan oil output could quickly rebound may overstate what’s realistically achievable. History shows that even after major disruptions, rebuilding oil production takes many years and vast investment. For example, Iraq needed almost a decade and well over $200 billion in capital to restore its output after the Iraq War, while Libya still has not returned to its pre‑2011 production levels.
Venezuela’s challenges are even more severe. Most of its reserves are extra‑heavy crude that demands upgrading and blending with diluents before it can be transported and refined, a costly and technical process. Years of underinvestment, international sanctions, the erosion of PDVSA’s workforce, and the deterioration of infrastructure have compounded these production hurdles. Pipelines, upgraders, and refineries have been left in poor condition, and limited access to modern technology continues to restrict any rapid recovery.
While PDVSA has claimed that facilities were not physically damaged in recent events—suggesting limited short‑term disruption—oil markets appear capable of absorbing this uncertainty for now. Inventories remain ample, and OPEC+ has signalled that its voluntary cuts of around 1.65 million bpd could be reversed if necessary to balance markets.
In a scenario where a pro‑U.S. government enables sanctions relief and attracts foreign investment, Venezuelan exports could gradually recover. But bringing production back to around 3 million bpd would take many years and substantial infrastructure upgrades. U.S. leadership has indicated that American oil companies would play a role in operating and developing Venezuela’s oil sector, though analysts note that the heavy crude’s technical challenges and investment risks remain significant.
Meanwhile, global oil markets are structurally tightening, with world consumption exceeding 101 million bpd driven by demand growth in the U.S., China, and India. Any short‑term impact on supply may show up as a modest increase in geopolitical risk premiums, but over time, the sidelined Venezuelan barrels—currently producing around 800,000–900,000 bpd—could eventually add supply and influence prices if output scales up gradually.
In addition to oil, Venezuela sits on a wealth of mineral resources. Large deposits of iron ore, bauxite, gold, nickel, copper, zinc and other metallic minerals are concentrated mainly in the southern Guayana Shield region. The country also ranks among Latin America’s largest holders of gold, and geological assessments identify significant iron and bauxite resources alongside reserves of coal, antimony, molybdenum and other base metals.
Despite this geological potential, commercial mining activity remains very limited. Most non‑oil mineral sectors contribute only a tiny fraction of Venezuela’s economic output, and substantial foreign investment has largely been absent, meaning much of the nation’s mineral wealth has yet to be developed into large‑scale production.
The Ongoing Economic Battle Between the United States and China
Competition between modern empires today is no longer about direct confrontation but about control over key inputs. Energy, metals, and critical materials form the foundation of the modern world. When leaders signal a willingness to secure these resources directly, markets should interpret this not as mere rhetoric, but as a concrete resource strategy.
The rivalry between the United States and China is fundamentally structural rather than ideological. The U.S. is rich in energy but dependent on imported metals and rare earths. China dominates metals processing but imports around 70% of its crude oil. Each side is strong where the other is vulnerable, and both seek to turn this imbalance into strategic advantage.
Control over energy flows also carries monetary implications. Influence over Venezuelan oil is not only about supply, but also about reinforcing the petrodollar and preventing the rise of the petroyuan.
There is also a regional dimension to this rivalry. China has steadily increased its presence in Latin America through infrastructure projects and commodity-backed financing. Recent U.S. moves indicate an effort to reassert dominance in the Western Hemisphere, compelling Beijing to compete on less advantageous terms. The Trump administration’s 2025 National Security Strategy elevated the region to a core priority, effectively reviving the logic of the Monroe Doctrine—rebranded as the “Donroe Doctrine.” The aim is to bring strategically important natural resources, especially critical minerals and rare earths, under U.S.-aligned corporate control while building a hemisphere-wide supply chain that reduces dependence on China.
Across much of South America, governments are edging closer to Washington, leaving Brazil increasingly isolated. This is significant given President Lula’s openly left-leaning stance and his consistent alignment with Russia, China, and Iran. Following Trump’s capture of Maduro, betting markets on Kalshi assign a 90% probability that the presidents of Colombia and Peru will be out of office before 2027. At the same time, President Trump has again stated that Greenland should become part of the United States, reinforcing a broader strategy centered on securing critical assets.
Which Assets Could Gain from “Nation Building” in Venezuela?
A political transition in Venezuela would most directly benefit assets tied to sovereign debt restructuring, energy infrastructure, and the oil supply chain.
Venezuelan bonds are currently priced at roughly 25–35 cents on the dollar, reflecting the impact of sanctions and ongoing legal uncertainty. Under a regime-change scenario, several analysts project potential recoveries in the 30–55 cent range, supported by the prospects of debt restructuring and the easing or removal of sanctions.
Ashmore continues to rank among the largest institutional holders of Venezuelan sovereign debt. Advisory firms such as Houlihan Lokey—financial adviser to the Venezuela Creditor Committee—and Lazard, a veteran of major sovereign restructurings (including Greece and Ukraine), would likely stand to gain from the sheer scale and complexity of any debt workout. In such processes, advisers typically earn success-based fees and function as the “picks and shovels” of restructuring. Venezuela’s debt structure is widely regarded as one of the most intricate ever assembled.
Reviving Venezuela’s oil industry would demand swift rehabilitation of aging infrastructure. Technip, which historically designed much of the country’s core oil facilities, is well placed to play a leading role given its proprietary expertise—particularly if emergency repairs are fast-tracked through sole-source or no-bid contracts. Graham Corporation, a supplier of vacuum ejector systems used in heavy-oil upgrading and refining, could also benefit, since Venezuela’s crude requires vacuum distillation to prevent it from solidifying into coke.
Before exports can meaningfully increase, Venezuela will need to import substantial volumes of diluent (such as naphtha or natural gasoline) to transport its heavy crude through pipelines. Targa Resources, operator of the Galena Park Marine Terminal in Houston—a major LPG and naphtha export hub—would be a natural beneficiary if Venezuela pivots back to U.S. diluent supplies, replacing current inflows from Iran.
The clearest corporate beneficiary of regime change and nation-building in Venezuela is Chevron (NYSE: CVX). Unlike other U.S. energy majors that exited the country, Chevron has maintained an on-the-ground presence. It retains the workforce, regulatory approvals (through OFAC), and operational assets—most notably Petroboscan and Petropiar—that position it to scale up production quickly. Exxon Mobil (NYSE: XOM) and ConocoPhillips (NYSE: COP), both of which hold legacy claims and arbitration awards stemming from past expropriations, could also regain market access or pursue compensation under a revised legal and political framework.
Refiners along the U.S. Gulf Coast—such as Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO), Phillips 66 (NYSE: PSX), and Marathon Petroleum (NYSE: MPC)—were purpose-built to handle heavy, sour crude like that produced in Venezuela. Since the imposition of sanctions, these companies have had to rely on costlier substitute feedstocks. A resumption of Venezuelan supply would reduce input costs and support refining margins, assuming end-product demand remains stable.
At the sector level, a significant increase in Venezuelan output would likely weigh on oil prices, which would be negative for crude producers but positive for consumer-oriented equities. Lower energy prices are inherently deflationary and could translate into lower bond yields—conditions that are generally supportive of risk assets, all else equal.
Note: This section is for analytical purposes only and does not constitute investment advice.
Venezuela: What Comes Next for the Economy and Markets?
In a characteristically Trump-like approach, President Trump initially stated that the United States would “administer” Venezuela during the transition period. U.S. officials later confirmed that approximately 15,000 troops would remain stationed in the Caribbean, with the option of further intervention if the interim authorities in Caracas failed to comply with Washington’s demands.
Venezuela’s Supreme Court subsequently named Vice President Delcy Rodríguez as interim president. A close ally of Maduro since 2018, Rodríguez previously oversaw much of the oil-dependent economy and the country’s intelligence structures, placing her firmly within the existing power framework. She signaled a willingness “to cooperate” with the Trump administration, hinting at a potentially dramatic reset in relations between the two long-hostile governments.
International observers, including the United Nations and the Carter Center, have concluded that Venezuela’s 2024 elections lacked legitimacy and fell short of international standards. Independently verified tally sheets reviewed by analysts indicated that opposition candidate Edmundo González secured around 67% of the vote, compared with roughly 30% for Maduro.
At the same time, María Corina Machado—Nobel Peace Prize laureate and a leading figure in Venezuela’s opposition—is expected to return to the country later this month and has said the opposition is ready to take power. President Trump, however, has publicly cast doubt on the breadth of her support among the Venezuelan population.
In this context, three potential scenarios appear likely, as outlined by Gavekal Research:
“Soft” Military Rule
In the near term, the most probable outcome is the continuation of the current power structure under Rodríguez and the armed forces. For this arrangement to endure, it would likely require a pragmatic shift toward U.S. priorities—embracing a more business-friendly approach and loosening ties with traditional partners such as Russia, China, and Iran. Washington may be willing to accept this scenario if it ensures political stability and reliable access to energy supplies.
Democratic Transition
A negotiated move toward civilian governance would hinge largely on how new elections are structured. Allowing participation from the Venezuelan diaspora could significantly reshape the results, whereas restricting voting to residents inside the country would be more likely to benefit factions linked to the existing regime.
“Libya Redux” (State Breakdown)
The most destabilizing scenario would involve the collapse of central authority, triggering internal military conflict and the proliferation of armed groups. Such an outcome would heighten the risk of civil strife, renewed migration pressures, and severe disruptions to oil production and global energy markets.
Critics of fiat currency have repeatedly tried—and failed—to call a peak in gold and silver. Once again, their arguments were derailed by geopolitical developments in Venezuela and beyond. The repercussions could prove even more supportive for the world’s most powerful form of money: Gold.
Iran is increasingly becoming a flashpoint of unrest, with protesters chanting “Death to the dictator!” while the U.S. government threatens action against the regime. Meanwhile in Asia, Chinese social media is circulating alleged plans to remove Taiwan’s leadership in a manner similar to what happened to Maduro. At the same time, President Trump’s earlier claim that he could end the war in Ukraine within 24 hours has clearly proven unrealistic. The conclusion is straightforward: geopolitical forces are now providing exceptionally strong support for gold—arguably outweighing, at least for the moment, concerns over government debt.
Gold appears to have broken higher from its October peak, and the pullback toward my $4,260 “speculator buy zone” is a technically normal correction. Investors who currently hold no gold should not wait around for a major selloff before entering the market. A small starter position is a better way to gain initial exposure to this exceptional asset. From there, larger allocations can be added during deeper pullbacks into strong support levels.
Because people are forced to purchase nearly everything using their government’s debased fiat currency, their attention in the early phase of a fiat system is directed toward acquiring more fiat rather than accumulating gold.
Over time, the purchasing power of fiat currency deteriorates rapidly, eventually pushing people to shift their focus toward gold. This is the phase America is expected to enter within the coming years. For those who have already adopted gold as their preferred currency, it will be a rewarding period—while for others, the transition may prove unsettling.
The platinum chart looks impressive. While platinum isn’t considered money, it remains a valuable metal and a useful means to acquire more gold. My recommendation was to buy platinum when prices are below $1,000 and then sell 30% to 70% of holdings between $1,800 and $2,400, using the proceeds to purchase gold. Personally, I opted to sell 70% and keep the remaining 30% as a long-term investment.
As for silver, there’s promising news: it might reclaim its role as a form of money. Rumors persist about central banks’ growing interest in this remarkable metal. Additionally, the era of robotics is dawning, with millions of robots set to replace human workers. Most will likely run on electricity generated by solar panels, which require silver for their production. While some manufacturers may switch to copper, a $100 price floor for silver appears inevitable.
Examining this metal’s impressive price movement relative to gold, and with silver’s potential to regain recognition as money, my advice is to sell no more than 30% of your holdings during the current upward rally, which has brought prices into my targeted zone on the chart. Similar to platinum, gains should be reinvested not into depreciating fiat currencies, but into gold.
Another important asset for investors focused on gold is uranium. The chart for yellowcake stocks (URNM ETF) is striking, displaying a bullish inverse Head & Shoulders continuation pattern with a notably strong high right shoulder. Additionally, the Stochastics (14,7,7) indicator is signaling a buy at the chart’s lower levels. Simply put, yellowcake stocks present one of the clearest momentum-driven buying opportunities available.
What about the miners? This could be one of the most bullish charts worldwide. I’ve advised investors in mining stocks to watch the CDNX closely as a key indicator of upside potential for gold and silver miners across the board. The right shoulder appears to form a bull wedge, poised to trigger a powerful breakout for these significantly undervalued miners.
The “mouthwatering” GDX versus gold chart has caught my attention. I urged investors to look for a Stochastics (14,3,3) flatline signal, which has now appeared. A breakout above the neckline of the large inverse Head & Shoulders pattern seems imminent.
Put simply, if an investment cannot outperform gold—the ultimate store of value—there’s little reason to buy it; investors might as well hold gold directly. In the case of mining stocks, they seem poised to deliver one of the most significant wealth-building opportunities in market history. The key question remains: are informed investors ready to take advantage?
Oil prices tumbled in Asian trading on Wednesday after U.S. President Donald Trump said Venezuela would deliver tens of millions of barrels of crude to the United States, a development expected to significantly increase global supply. Prices were already under pressure earlier in the week, as Washington’s takeover of Venezuela fueled expectations of a broad easing of sanctions on the country’s oil sector—potentially releasing tens of millions of barrels back onto the market.
Despite elevated geopolitical risks adding a modest risk premium, oil prices stayed under pressure as markets grew increasingly concerned about a potential supply glut in 2026. Crude was already on track for its steepest annual decline in five years in 2025. Brent futures for March slid 1% to $60.11 a barrel at 20:13 ET (01:13 GMT), while U.S. benchmark WTI dropped 1.1% to $56.29 a barrel.
Venezuela to send 30–50 million barrels of crude to the United States, Trump says
In a post on social media, Trump said Venezuela would transfer between 30 and 50 million barrels of oil to the United States, with Washington planning to sell the crude at prevailing market prices. He added that the proceeds from the sales would be managed by him as U.S. president, stating that the funds would be used to serve the interests of both Venezuela and the United States.
The announcement follows just days after U.S. forces detained Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, when Trump said Washington was taking control of the country and planned to open up its oil sector. Oil prices initially fell after Maduro’s capture, as markets anticipated that a potential easing of U.S. sanctions on Venezuela could unleash large volumes of crude onto global markets. Trump’s actions since then suggest that this outcome is increasingly likely.
However, analysts cautioned that any reopening of Venezuela’s energy industry could take longer than expected, citing risks of political instability and the constraints of the nation’s aging infrastructure. Data from maritime analytics firm Kpler also indicated that a near-term increase in Venezuelan output is unlikely due to limited domestic storage capacity.
Russia-Ukraine ceasefire draws attention as U.S. backs security guarantees for Kyiv
Oil markets were also tracking any fresh developments in talks on a Russia–Ukraine ceasefire after the United States on Tuesday endorsed a largely European-led coalition that pledged to provide security guarantees for Kyiv.
The U.S. commitment was made at a Paris summit aimed at reassuring Ukraine in the event of a truce with Moscow. Washington also said it was prepared to help monitor and verify any ceasefire should an agreement be reached. However, Russia has so far shown limited willingness to engage in a ceasefire, with fighting between the two sides continuing as the war moves toward its fifth consecutive year.
Even so, any prospective ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine could ultimately lead to a rollback of U.S. sanctions on Moscow, allowing additional Russian oil to return to the market. Such a development would also reduce the geopolitical risk premium embedded in crude prices.
U.S. President Donald Trump said on Tuesday night that Venezuela’s interim government would transfer tens of millions of barrels of oil to the United States, with the proceeds from sales to be managed by Washington. In a social media post, Trump said Caracas would hand over between “30 and 50 million barrels of high-quality, sanctioned oil,” which would be sold at market prices. He added that the revenue would be overseen by him as president to ensure it benefits both the Venezuelan and U.S. people, and noted that he had directed Energy Secretary Chris Wright to implement the plan immediately.
The proposed arrangement could redirect Venezuelan oil exports away from China while helping state-run PDVSA avoid deeper production cuts, following reports that Washington and Caracas were in talks over a supply agreement. The announcement comes days after U.S. forces captured President Nicolas Maduro, heightening political uncertainty in Venezuela. Maduro’s vice president, Delcy Rodriguez, was sworn in as interim leader this week and has signaled her willingness to cooperate with Washington.
Trump said the United States would oversee Venezuela until a permanent leader is elected and would also assume control of the country’s aging oil sector. Following the announcement, oil prices fell, as a U.S. takeover could bring large volumes of crude to market and boost supply. March Brent futures dropped 2%.
Gold continued its strong rally in Asian trading on Tuesday, moving back toward record territory as rising geopolitical tensions after a U.S. strike on Venezuela boosted safe-haven demand for the metal.
Spot gold inched up 0.2% to $4,458.20 an ounce at 01:22 ET (06:22 GMT), while U.S. gold futures gained 0.4% to $4,469.10 per ounce.
Bullion had jumped 2.7% in the previous session—its biggest one-day advance in weeks—as investors sought refuge in precious metals amid growing global market uncertainty.
Although prices reached a record high of $4,549.71 per ounce last week before retreating on profit-taking, gold has since recovered and is again trading close to those peak levels.
Gold jumps as U.S. action in Venezuela and Fed rate-cut expectations fuel demand
The surge was mainly sparked by events in Venezuela, where U.S. troops carried out a surprise operation over the weekend that led to the arrest of President Nicolás Maduro, sharply intensifying geopolitical risks and unsettling commodity markets.
Officials said Maduro was taken to the United States to face long-standing narcotics-related charges and entered a not-guilty plea in a New York court on Monday.
According to Reuters, U.S. President Donald Trump is preparing to meet with executives from major American oil companies to discuss measures to increase Venezuela’s oil output.
Expectations of prolonged geopolitical tensions and potential policy changes have further strengthened gold’s role as a hedge against market volatility.
Gold also drew support from growing expectations that U.S. interest rates will continue to decline in 2026.
Markets are now factoring in two additional Federal Reserve rate cuts this year, an environment that typically benefits non-yielding assets like gold.
On Monday, Minneapolis Fed President Neel Kashkari noted that U.S. inflation has been easing gradually, strengthening the view that the central bank could have room to ease policy if price pressures keep moderating.
Investors are closely tracking upcoming U.S. economic data for further signals on the Fed’s policy direction. December’s nonfarm payrolls report, due Friday, is expected to be a crucial gauge of labor market strength and could shape rate expectations in the months ahead.
Silver and platinum climb as copper sets a new record
Other precious and industrial metals also traded firmly higher on Tuesday.
Silver surged 3% to $78.78 an ounce, while platinum gained 2% to $2,331.25 per ounce.
On the London Metal Exchange, benchmark copper futures rose 2.2% to a record $13,331.0 per ton. U.S. copper futures also advanced 1.5% to $6.07 a pound, marking their highest level on record.
According to ING analysts, copper’s continued rally has been driven by disruptions to mine supply and shifts in trade flows caused by tariffs imposed by U.S. President Trump.
The removal of Venezuela’s current leadership would likely signal a sharp shift in Washington’s stated objectives—from a focus on counter-narcotics pressure to a far more ambitious agenda: unlocking one of the world’s largest oil reserves and reopening the country to U.S. energy companies.
“The oil business in Venezuela has been a bust—a total bust—for a long period of time,” U.S. President Donald Trump told reporters on Saturday.
“We’re going to have our very large United States oil companies—the biggest anywhere in the world—go in, spend billions of dollars, fix the badly broken oil infrastructure, and start making money for the country.”
The central question for Trump’s administration is whether political change alone would be sufficient to revive an industry hollowed out by decades of mismanagement, corruption, and chronic underinvestment.
On paper, Venezuela’s oil potential is vast. Government figures put proven reserves at more than 300 billion barrels, the largest in the world, consisting largely of heavy crude prized by refiners along the U.S. Gulf Coast and in parts of Asia.
Analysts note that this heavy crude complements U.S. shale production, which is typically lighter and less suited to certain refinery configurations. In theory, Venezuela’s reserves could once again play a meaningful role in global energy markets.
In practice, however, the obstacles are formidable. Venezuela currently produces less than one million barrels per day—a fraction of its output two decades ago. Infrastructure has deteriorated severely, skilled workers have fled the country, and oil fields, pipelines, ports, and refineries would require massive capital investment merely to restore reliable operations.
Even under optimistic scenarios, years of rebuilding would be required before production could rise meaningfully. Market conditions add another layer of complexity: global oil supplies remain ample, and prices below $60 a barrel reduce the incentive for large-scale, high-risk investment abroad.
U.S. producers must therefore weigh whether capital is better deployed in stable domestic basins rather than in a country with a long history of expropriation and contract disputes.
Legal and institutional reform would also be indispensable. Venezuela would need to overhaul laws governing private investment, restructure roughly $160 billion in sovereign and quasi-sovereign debt, and resolve outstanding arbitration claims stemming from past nationalizations.
Without clear property rights and predictable regulatory frameworks, international oil companies are unlikely to commit billions of dollars, regardless of political change.
Security and governance challenges remain unresolved as well. Removing a leader does not automatically produce stability, and companies will wait to see whether a transitional government can maintain order, protect assets, and establish credible authority across the country.
The scale of reconstruction required extends far beyond oil extraction, encompassing financing, currency stabilization, and the rebuilding of core state institutions.
In that sense, unlocking Venezuela’s oil is ultimately less a question of geology than of politics, economics, and time.
OPEC+ delegates indicated that the group is expected to keep oil production steady at their upcoming meeting on Sunday, despite ongoing political tensions between key members Saudi Arabia and the UAE, as well as the recent U.S. capture of Venezuela’s president.
The Sunday meeting involves eight OPEC+ members—Saudi Arabia, Russia, the UAE, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Iraq, Algeria, and Oman—who together produce about half of the world’s oil supply. This session follows a challenging 2025, during which oil prices plunged over 18%, marking their steepest annual decline since 2020 amid concerns over oversupply.
From April to December 2025, these eight members raised oil output targets by roughly 2.9 million barrels per day, representing nearly 3% of global oil demand. They agreed in November to pause further output increases for January through March 2026.
According to three OPEC+ sources, Sunday’s meeting is unlikely to alter this policy.
OPEC Faces Multiple Crises Amid Market and Political Challenges
Tensions between Saudi Arabia and the UAE escalated last month over a decade-long conflict in Yemen, when a UAE-aligned group seized territory from the Saudi-backed government. This crisis sparked the biggest rift in decades between the former close allies, exposing years of divergence on key issues.
Historically, OPEC has managed to navigate serious internal disputes—such as during the Iran–Iraq War—by prioritizing market stability over political conflicts. However, the group now faces multiple challenges. Russian oil exports remain under pressure from U.S. sanctions related to the Ukraine war, while Iran grapples with widespread protests and threats of U.S. intervention.
These overlapping crises put OPEC’s cohesion and its ability to manage the global oil market to a critical test.
On Saturday, the United States reportedly captured Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. U.S. President Donald Trump announced that Washington would assume control of the country until a transition to a new administration can be arranged, though he did not specify how this process would be carried out.
Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves, surpassing even those of OPEC’s leader, Saudi Arabia. However, its oil production has sharply declined over the years due to chronic mismanagement and international sanctions.
Analysts caution that a significant increase in crude output is unlikely in the near future, even if U.S. oil majors follow through on the multibillion-dollar investments promised by President Trump.
Financial markets extended the holiday-thinned mood on the first trading day of the new year, with investors largely staying on the sidelines. Markets remain in a wait-and-see mode ahead of a data-heavy week.
The US Dollar Index (DXY) traded near the 98.40 area on Friday, paring a significant portion of its New Year losses.
Gold (XAU/USD) traded around the $4,320 level, surrendering all intraday gains following the New Year’s break. Expectations of lower US interest rates and elevated geopolitical tensions have continued to support precious metals in recent sessions.
EUR/USD hovered near 1.1740 after edging lower earlier in the week, remaining under pressure as investors await upcoming economic data.
GBP/USD traded close to the 1.3480 area, little changed during the first US session of the year.
USD/JPY hovered around the 156.50 region, trading slightly lower on the day with limited intraday movement.
AUD/USD traded near the 0.6690 area on Friday, posting modest gains after paring nearly half of its intraday advance.
Key Economic Data Ahead: Upcoming Releases Set to Shape Market Sentiment
Over the coming days, investors will closely watch US employment figures and global inflation data, which are expected to influence central bank policies.
Monday: The US Institute for Supply Management (ISM) releases the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for December.
Tuesday: Germany’s Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and Australia’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) are scheduled for publication.
Wednesday: The US ADP Employment Change report (December), ISM Services PMI (December), and the preliminary Eurozone HICP (December) will be released.
Thursday: The US Trade Balance for October and Consumer Credit data for November are due.
January 9: The highly anticipated US Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report for December and the preliminary January Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index will be published.
These releases are expected to set the tone for market direction and provide clues on the pace of monetary tightening by major central banks.
Gold and silver prices rose as investors sought safe-haven metals amid heightened geopolitical tensions following the U.S. capture of Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro.
The capture of Venezuela’s President Maduro has raised concerns about how quickly the country can increase oil production, with analysts skeptical about major oil companies committing new investments amid the ongoing uncertainty.
Crude oil prices fluctuated as traders weighed the impact of Maduro’s capture on global supply and Venezuela’s energy sector. Brent crude dropped up to 1.2% before bouncing back near $61 per barrel, while WTI stayed above $57. Despite the instability, Venezuela remains a relatively small supplier in an already oversupplied market.
U.S. airlines are resuming Caribbean routes after a U.S. military operation in Venezuela caused regional airspace closures, which stranded thousands of travelers. Airlines like American and Delta responded by adding extra flights and larger planes, with American alone providing nearly 5,000 additional seats.
Upcoming jobs data, particularly the January 9 report, is set to influence markets. Labor market softness prompted the Fed to cut rates in its last three meetings in 2025, supporting stocks, but the potential for further rate cuts in 2026 remains uncertain.
The S&P 500 slipped toward the end of the year but still posted a strong 16% gain for 2025. January promises to be busy, with Q4 earnings and crucial inflation figures scheduled for release.
Dow Jones futures dipped slightly Sunday night, while S&P 500 and Nasdaq futures edged up. Over the weekend, former President Donald Trump claimed that the U.S. would “run” Venezuela following the capture of President Nicolás Maduro, though Maduro’s government remains intact.
The annual CES technology conference officially begins Tuesday in Las Vegas, with artificial intelligence expected to take center stage. CES 2026 will showcase major presentations from AI chip leaders Nvidia (NASDAQ: NVDA) and Advanced Micro Devices (NASDAQ: AMD), highlighting AI’s tangible applications across devices—from smart glasses and wearable life-loggers to robotaxis and humanoid robots.
Industrial technology will also receive attention, with keynote speeches from the CEOs of Caterpillar (NYSE: CAT) and Siemens (SIEGY). The four-day event will run through Friday.
Nvidia, AMD, and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (NYSE: TSM) will be key players at CES 2026 in Las Vegas.
$NVDA – Jensen Huang’s keynote: January 5 at 4:00 PM ET
$AMD – Lisa Su’s keynote: January 5 at 9:30 PM ET
$MRVL – Matt Murphy’s fireside chat: January 6 at 12:00 PM ET
$TSM – Monthly sales data release: January 9
Stocks dropped in the final trading session of 2025, causing the S&P 500 to register a loss for December. However, the index still posted a strong gain of over 16% for the year, marking its third consecutive year with double-digit growth, while the VIX remained near yearly lows.
After a quiet year-end, 2026 is expected to start actively with important economic reports, a Supreme Court decision on President Trump’s tariffs, his nominee for the next Federal Reserve chair, and the beginning of earnings season. Although next week’s earnings calendar is relatively light, a few companies such as AAR (NYSE: AIR), Commercial Metals (NYSE: CMC), and Acuity (NYSE: AYI) are scheduled to report.
US Economic Data
A series of key economic reports will be released during the first full week of January. Scheduled releases include the ISM manufacturing and services indexes, Commerce Department data on housing starts and building permits, and the Labor Department’s JOLTS report. The highlight will be Friday’s release of December payrolls.
On December 30, the Chicago Fed reported that its labor market model indicated only minor shifts in layoffs, quits, and hiring of unemployed workers for the month, projecting the unemployment rate to remain steady at 4.56%.
The tech boom and onshoring efforts are set to trigger a significant surge in capital spending. The majority of this investment is expected from the “Big Four” tech giants—Microsoft, Amazon (NASDAQ: AMZN), Alphabet (NASDAQ: GOOGL), and Meta (NASDAQ: META)—all of which have indicated their 2026 capital expenditures will likely surpass those of 2025.
The “Magnificent 7” — which includes Microsoft, Amazon, Alphabet, Meta, Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL), Nvidia, and Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) — are projected to collectively invest over $500 billion in capital expenditures in 2026. Although not officially committed to this amount, their guidance in late 2025 suggests an acceleration of substantial AI infrastructure spending in the coming year.
Onshoring also plays a crucial role in driving capital investment, as the Trump administration’s tariff team has secured commitments from foreign governments and companies to establish manufacturing facilities in the U.S. in return for reduced tariff rates.
Technical Analysis
DJIA Index
The DJIA continues to trade within an upward channel that began from the lows in August 2025. On Friday, December 26, 2025, the index was unable to move above the channel’s midpoint. Support is found near the lower boundary of the channel, around 47,900. A decisive move either above or below this 47,900 level will likely determine the next direction for the index.
Nasdaq 100 Index
The NDX continues to face resistance in the 25,870–25,900 range. As long as this resistance holds, the index is expected to trade within a range between 25,900 and 24,645. A clear break below the 25,000 level could pave the way for a decline toward 24,645.
SPX Index
Last week, the SPX fell below the 6,896 resistance zone. As long as it remains under this level, a decline toward 6,820 seems probable. A strong and sustained break below 6,820 would suggest further downside potential toward the 6,740–6,720 range. Otherwise, the SPX is likely to trade sideways within the 6,890 to 6,820 range.
Weekly US Indices Probability Map
The U.S. weekly market probability map for January 5–9, 2026 indicates a week characterized by mixed trading patterns. These maps are based on historical seasonality trends, with sentiment readings generated using a seasonality-driven scoring system.
THE ETERNAL SOVEREIGN 